Urinary Tract Infection Lab Report

There are many differents ways to identify a bacterial unknown and many different situations where identification would be beneficial. One way to identify bacterial unknowns is to perform biochemical tests. In this experiment multiple biochemical tests were done, by performing these tests on the bacterial unknown received the two different bacteria were then identified. The citrate test is done to test the ability of organisms to use citrate as a carbon source. This test uses Simmons citrate agar, the agar contains sodium citrate as the only carbon source and has bromothymol blue as the pH indicator. The organisms that use citrate as a carbon source use the enzyme to transport the citrate into the cell. The cells converts ammonium dihydrogen

In this experiment, an unknown bacterium was given to each individual student. The main purpose of this lab was to identify the given unknown bacteria going through a series of biochemical tests as one of the gram negative bacteria among six different Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium. At the very beginning, streaking method; T-streak technique was used to isolate the pure colonies. For the morphological identification of unknown bacteria, Gram Stain Method was done. Biochemical tests that were conducted for the experiment

The objective of this experiment was to identify two unknown bacteria from a mixed culture. Which was done by using the aseptic technique which was very important to avoid any contamination and keeping the workspace clean while culturing bacteria for different tests. To start, I chose a tube which had a solution of mixed culture. I used the flame to sterilize the inoculating loop and dipped it into the tube and streaked for isolation on 2 TSA plates and placed them in an incubator at 37 for 24 hours. Next day I observed the growth of 2 different types of colonies one for each unknown on the two plates. So I picked the best one and labeled it as master plate and discarded the other plate. From the master plate, I subcultured each type of colony

Just like eukaryote species, not all bacteria species are identical in the way they behave, grow or interact with their environment (Mujtaba & DeJarnette, 2012). Microbes can be unique in the way they grow on nutrient agar (NA) plates. How their colonies form on the agar plates can also be an exclusive property of specific bacteria species. Microbes can grow in the presence of different nutrients, environments and can also be inhibited by or thrive in the presence of specific agents in the medium. For example inoculating a blood agar plate with the organism, can indicate its hemolysis activity, which it will fall in one of the three groups alpha (α), beta (β), or gamma (γ).

During the final experiment for Microbiology will have to figure out the unknown organism given to us. The organisms will be narrowed down by using skills we have learned throughout the lab this quarter and the test results will narrow down to a single organism. The reason to perform experiments that determines the identity of bacterium is to find out how to treat it or what infections it is causing. In a controlled environment, students learned how to use various methods to determine how to differentiate between multiple bacteria. This lab report will be detailed steps explaining how to determine the identity of my unknown organism number 12.

For the first day, I received my unknown bacteria number 110 and I stared to observe that tube. The tube has normal color, creamy, and little bit cloudy. First, I made two new slants to get the strong and alive bacteria for further text. One tube was incubated at 250C and other at 370C. Next, I started to do my Gram Stain. After I finished the smear, heat fix, and cover the slide with all chemical, I saw the pink color stick onto the slide. I knew that this bacterium is gram negative. Then, I looked up the slide though the microscope form 10X -> 40X ->oil ->100X. I saw the bacteria which have rod shape with chains and pairs. I want make sure one more time that bacteria are gram negative or positive, so I stared to set up EMB and PEA plates to get the result for the next class.

The bases of this experiment was to discover the identify of the unknown from three possible specimens: Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Utilizaing the T streak technique, the bacteria was isolated into pure colonies for further study. The Gram Stain method was used to identity the morhphology of the bacteria such as the shape and whether the bacteria was Gram positive or Gram negative. Biochemical test were also used to help identify the unknown bacteria. The biochemical test used was the Triple Sugar Iron Agar, Sulfur Indole Motility test, Methyl Red test, Voges-Proskauer test, Citrate test, Urease test, and the Gelatin test. After observing the morphology of the bacteria using the Gram Stain method and utilizing all the possible biochemical test, the bacteria was identified to be Enterobacter aerogenes.

were scrapped from the teeth and the second was an unknown given. It resulted that the unknown

Inflamed tissues from Ulcerative Colitis (UC) patients show increased oxidative and nitrosative damage, leading to accumulation of mutations and dysplastic progression27,28. Infiltrating leukocytes from these patients have increased ROS production in basal conditions and in response to different ligands29. Since TLR4 mediates ROS production in leukocytes22, it is easy to speculate that immune cells drive pro-tumorigenic effects of TLR4. However, bone marrow-transfer experiments in our lab demonstrate that non-immune TLR4 participates in development of neoplasia8. Furthermore, we have shown that epithelial TLR4 activation predisposes to colitis and CAC6. To understand the role of epithelial TLR4 in neoplasia, our research has focused on the

Good afternoon Ms. Robinson. I heard you had difficulty understanding the results of your urinalysis report. I would be more than happy to assist you and help you decipher these terms. Specific gravity of a liquid or this case, urine, tells you how much more or less dense the liquid is than water and how efficiently your kidneys are diluting your urine.1 Your specific gravity was 1.024, which is a normal functioning level. Turbid is a term used to describe the clarity of urine. Urine clarity suggests substances that may be present in the urine.1 Your urine was classified as turbid, which has a cloudy, opaque appearance and suggests there may be a presence of protein or other

Chemical methods of control: Antimicrobial drugs, involves the use of chemicals to prevent and treat infectious diseases. Pasteur and others observed that infecting an animal with Pseudomonas aeruginosa protected the animal against Bacillus anthracis. Later, the word “antibiosis” (against life) for this inhibition and called the inhibiting substance “Antibiotic”. As researchers found out more and more about these chemicals they were able to discover that antibiotics are chemicals or natural substances such as bacteria, fungi, as well as synthetic drugs; that inhibit or kill microbes in small amounts. Chemotherapeutic agents are antimicrobial chemicals (natural or synthetic) that can be used internally or may be absorbed.

According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent healthcare associated infections with 93,300 healthcare related UTIs diagnosed in 2011. Seventy five percent of healthcare acquired UTIs are catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). Because of this, major efforts, including the creation of preventive guidelines, have been made worldwide to reduce the numbers of these infections. These guidelines center on using catheters only when they are needed and only for as long as they are needed. They include specific situations in which catheters should be used which mostly include operative procedures or medical situations that would require

There are multiple precautions that can be taken to help prevent the spread of the infection and eventually kill it altogether. To keep the bacteria spreading the workers must be careful to keep anything that may move from an infected pond to a healthy pond clean.

There are links between high serum urate, hyperuricemia, and many inflammatory diseases, yet the mechanism is obscure. For humans, purine and ATP are broken down to urate, which builds up in plasma because we lack the enzyme uricase to promote its excretion as allantoin. Urate may benefit our health by acting as an antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species. Yet, hyperuricemia is associated with gout, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. These inflammatory diseases are characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress. During oxidative stress urate is oxidized to several reactive electrophiles including urate hydroperoxide. This novel oxidant could promote the pro-oxidant effects of urate.

In this process, I am determined to know my unknown bacteria. So I start by inoculating my unknown bacteria, and spread it on the surface of my EMB medium agar, I take the EMB medium and place it on my incubator chamber. I will get my result on the following day. When the day comes, I walk to the incubator to take out my result, and I found out that it is showing shining green culture on top of the agar. I notice that it is a positive result, and I follow through the dichotomous key, which help me to separate the bacteria from others base on this characteristic. EMB test for Gram-negative bacteria because it has a built-in lactose fermentation that allow them to grow. I make another culture of the unknown bacteria for the following day.