Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI’s) are responsible for nearly 10 million health care office visits, 1.5 million hospitalizations and $1 billion in costs annually in the United States, according to the National Kidney Foundation. Millions of the people, who ever suffered from UTI, experience the recurrent bladder infection. Moreover, after the first infection, some people get a second, third and fourth or more UTIs, with each successive infection making them more susceptible to recurrent episodes. Scientists have found that the reason for this is the bacteria, which stays in the inner layers of the bladder and quietly hide from antibiotics used to treat the primary infection of the bladder. As antibiotics don’t get rid of bacteria populations

According to several studies, women who use a diaphragm are more likely to develop a UTI than women who use other forms of birth control. Recently, researchers found that women whose partners use a condom with spermicidal foam also tend to have growth of E. coli bacteria in the vagina.

E.coli was the cause of UTIs. E.coli was difficult to treat because as soon a patient would reach the hospital the bacteria would have already reached the bloodstream.

The four specific databases that were used in this research are, Cinahl, Medline, Joanna Briggs and Cochrane Library. All of these databases were chosen because they provided up to date peer reviewed evidence that was relevant to the search terms. This ensures that the evidence that was found was relevant and reliable. The Cinahl website was useful to gather background information on the topic such as how a UTI is contracted and how it effects the body. The Cochrane Library and Medline website was useful to because it gave specific information on studies that had already been done by other researchers. This helped to ensure that the study that is being undertaken was searching for the right results.

UTI’s (urinary tract infection) are an infection to the urinary system. There caused by certain bacteria

Most urinary tract infections are primarily caused by bacteria that live in the bowel region of the body. The bacterium Escherichia coli, commonly referred to as “E. coli”, causes most UTIs. The urinary tract has several systems to prevent infection. The points where the ureters attach to the bladder act as only one way valves to prevent urine from moving back up toward the kidneys. Urination is intended to wash microbes and any infectious bacteria out of the body. In males, the prostate gland produces secretions that slow down bacterial growth in the urinary tract. In both woman and men, immune defenses try to prevent infections, but despite these safety procedures put in place by the body, infections still do occur in some individuals.

In the course of daily practice, nurses soon realize that many patients will acquire urinary tract infection (UTI) during their stay in hospital. Research and practice have both shown that the main cause of frequent UTI in hospital has been urethral catheter for the patients. Meddings, Reichert, Robers, Saint, Stephansky & McMahon (2012) find that most (59% to 86%) hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) are catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) (p. 305). According to Dailly (2011), "approximately 20 per cent of all healthcare-associated infections are urinary tract infections (UTIs), with an estimated 80 per cent of those linked to urethral catheters," (p. 14). "It is estimated that 2 6% of people with catheters will develop a UTI," (Slater, n.d., p. 168).

Coli bacteria. In adjustment for an infection to occur, the E. Coli bacilli has to attach itself to the beef lining the float or the urethra (the tube that carries the urine out of the body). The ache of E. Coli that has been the a lot of acknowledged at causing a urinary amplitude infection has developed a circuitous set of adhering molecules that act like tiny assimilation cups to attach themselves to the tissue of the urinary tract. Once those adhering molecules become absorbed to the tissue of the urinary tract, they anon alpha to reproduce. This causes affliction and the archetypal affection of an infection like burning, aching urination, and a faculty of coercion to urinate. If the infection spreads to the kidneys, it can could could cause added problems like lower aback pain, fever, and

Clinically UTIs are subdivided into two main categories, uncomplicated and complicated. An uncomplicated UTI is defined as one occurring in a generally healthy, nonpregnant premenopausal woman with a structurally and neurologically normal urinary tract. This type can undoubtedly be treated with antimicrobials, but developing antimicrobial resistances make treatments progressively troublesome (Wanget al., 2013).

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection involving any part of the urinary system, which includes the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. UTIs are the most common type of healthcare-associated infection (HAI). Between 15-25% of hospitalized patients receive urinary catheters during their hospital stay (Drekonja, 2010, p. 31). A urinary catheter is a drainage tube that is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. A catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) occurs when bacteria enters the urinary tract through the catheter and causes infection. Common signs of UTIs are urgency, frequency and dysuria. These voiding symptoms will not be present in patients with indwelling catheters. Symptoms that may help classifying a CAUTI would be fever or hypothermia, suprapubic tenderness, or costovertebral angle pain or tenderness (Tillekeratne, 2014, p. 13). Catheter-associated urinary tract infections cause increased healthcare costs, length of stay, morbidity, and mortality. Infections can be acquired in many ways such as, on insertion of the catheter via cross contamination or accidental catheterization into the vagina, not ensuring aseptic technique, catheter care and maintenance, and cross-contamination when emptying the drainage bags. There are many ways to decrease the risk of catheter-associated UTIs and nurses play a major role in reducing these risks in order to prevent harm and save lives. To improve clinical care and reduce the risks of

The scope, history, and duration of catheter associated urinary tract infections is reviewed. The scope of catheter associated urinary tract infections is when an individual acquires an infection that has been caused by the insertion of a catheter. The individual may have had the catheter in place for a short period of time and acquired it upon insertion related to the lack of sterile technique. However, the individual also may have had the catheter in place over a long period of time and acquired an infection. Roger, Feneley, Hopley, and Wells (2015) explain that the body’s natural flora is disrupted from ascending in the urinary tract and colonizing a bacterial infection during normal bladder emptying. However, if a catheter is in place this allows for easy ascending bacteria to colonize and form an infection, and

UTI stands for urinary tract infection, and it is an infection that occurs in kidneys, urethra, ureters, bladders, and any other part of urinary system in the body. According to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), UTIs are proven to be the most common type of health care-associated infection. Among UTIs acquired in the hospital, approximately 75% of patients are associated with catheter, and around 15-25% of them receive urinary catheter when they are in hospital (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,

Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection that is caused by bacteria that affects one or both kidneys. The urinary tract involves the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra near the middle of the back on both sides of the spine. This is the human body’s way of removing waste and excess water. Pyelonephritis is caused by bacteria and only affects the kidneys and Escherichia coli is often the bacterium that causes this infection. Men and women are both affected by this and are more likely to develop it by having diabetes, kidney stones, a bladder tumor or an untreated urinary tract infection. There are many symptoms to look for when you are experiencing the infection. Doctors can diagnose depending upon the age and gender of a patient.

Up to 50% of women get UTIs because the urethra, which transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body, is located close to the anus. When bacteria from the large intestine such as E. coli exits the anus, it can easily invade the urethra and travel to the bladder and kidneys causing a UTI. Women with shorter urethras are more susceptible to getting a UTI, and sexual activity can cause a UTI.

It's not known why a UTI in some people spreads; becomes more severe and develops into Urosepsis. Thus, making all the risk factors for Urosepsis the same as for a UTI. Everyone and anyone can get a UTI. I am just going to focus on the risk factors that my clinical patient had. My patient is a diabetic female, has Foley Catheter and spinal cord damage/ nerve