Use Of Wideband Microwave Imaging And Detection Of Brain Injuries Essay

Being home and at school are the primary locations for students and adolescents and where they spend the most time of their day. When a student is diagnosed with a TBI, it can dramatically affect their school performance. After a student experiences a TBI, school is one one of the many stepping stones where recovery and development is offered and can be used as an intervention. For schools to be able to offer the appropriate educational measures adjusted for the needs of the student, the appropriate support and recovery process for the student, schools having the appropriate documentation and knowledge about the student’s injury.

One such method is diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) which is a type of MRI. DTI uses radio-frequencies in a magnetic field like MRI to create images, but unlike MRI it can track the movement of water molecules and reveal the disruption of white matter fibers and tracks. DTI has been reported to be sensitive enough to detect mild traumatic brain injuries with the ability to detect white matter damage that was not visible on typical MRI scans.10 One researcher, is hopeful that the different MRI technique DTI may be able to help, Dr. Martha Shenton, the director of the psychiatry neuroimaging lab at the Harvard Medical School is involved in an NFL player study with the Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy.11 The study will compare retired football players who experienced many collisions and those who didn't to evaluate the differing brains. Diffusion tensor imaging shows promise for detecting CTE, but needs technological

Perhaps one of the least understood injuries is a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), otherwise known as a concussion. Over 1,000,000 concussions occur the United States every year (Majerske et al., 2008), and can be caused by any blow to the head. It is likely that many concussions do not go diagnosed. 300,000 of these concussion have been contributed to sports related injury (Majerske et al., 2008), making the study of sports related concussions in athletes the most important and easiest subjects to study.

Concussions can seriously alter one’s life. Concussions are the result of moderate to severe impact to the head with another object. These impacts shake the brain, which is suspended in cerebral fluid, and cause it to scrape against the skull. Concussions can have mild to severe symptoms including insomnia, an inability to concentrate and headaches. Symptoms manifest both physically and mentally and may appear days after the initial trauma, with the possibility of lasting for months. Concussions are extremely prominent in contact sports such as football and hockey at all ages of play, professional to amateur. Multiple concussions may be accompanied by CTE, a neurodegenerative disease associated with

Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), however, are simply another term used to describe a milder form of concussion. Similar to the conceptual definition of a concussion, the World Health Organization Collaborating Neurotrauma Task Force defines an mTBI as being “an acute brain injury resulting from mechanical energy to the head from external physical forces” (Crandall et. al., 2014, p. 1359).

Although these models were reported to produce graded severities of brain injury with similar morphology to the clinical condition, they present their own limitation. The severity of injury induced by an acceleration injury (weight drop) is often highly variable. Mild CCI cause focal contusion and subrachnoid hemorrhage are not commensurate with the typical concussion in humans. CCI and FPI require craniotomy/ craniectomy which are not clinically relevant. While blast injury is more controversial model with little standardization in blast modeling with regard to the duration of exposure and measurement of peak overpressure. An updated concussive animal model is necessary to replicate the important features of the injury in patients with mTBI as closely as

According to biousa.org, “the term ‘mild brain injury’ can be misleading. The term ‘mild’ is used in reference to the severity of the initial physical trauma that caused the injury. It does not indicate the severity of the consequences of the injury.” On March 7th, 2015 I took a fall off of my horse and got a severe concussion. I could not look at a computer or a phone for a little over a month without feeling like I was going to vomit, I could not even get out of a chair without help for a good 2 weeks, and the symptoms were obviously there and very obvious that I was struggling with them. I was out of school freshman year for 3 months continuing through the summer and into sophomore year. My school did not want to accomodate for me with the

tissue can be damaged by a variety of things like infections, tumors, or strokes, any injury

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has gained considerable notice in recent years since the Global War on Terrorism. High percentages of service members surviving combat-related injuries are now battling the long-lasting effects and associated medical morbidities of brain trauma. Nearly 1.6 million service members deployed in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) through June 30, 2007 (Defense Manpower Data Center ). While percentages of those deployed sustaining mTBI are only approximations and may underestimate prevalence of injury and underscore the subsequent impact of postconcussive symptoms, as many as 12-35% of those with exposure to combat are estimated to have experienced an mTBI (Schneiderman, Braver, & Kang, 2008 ; Hoge, et al., 2008 ). Moreover, an estimated 25,000 military personnel sustained an mTBI in 2014 alone, as reported by the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC, 2015). MTBI has a

The interval of each impact, speed of the impactor and depth of deformation may be adjustable depending on the desired severity of injury. This model using an electronic magnet impact system to deliver impactions is stable with precisely controlled velocity, dwell time and deformation depth. However, due to the closed head injury without craniotomy, precisely positioning according to mouse brain stereotaxic coordinates is impossible. Also the impact/probe tips switching may result in an impact site shift. This is the major cause of inconsistent injuries. Considering the diffuse injury¬, this model remains precise and easy to

The topic that I chose to focus on for this assignment was the social dysfunctions such as learning and behavior in relations to traumatic brain injuries specifically within young adults and children. These traumatic injuries can range from a concussion to cracking one’s skull open during a fall. After reading the articles listed in the reference page, I have learned that those suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) have a drastic change in their quality of life. It becomes harder for these children to act the way they are supposed to or learn the way they did prior to the incident (Ryan, N., Catroppa, C., p. 196). It was surprising to learn that depending on your environment post TBI your recovery can be changed. Research has shown that if a child’s environment consists of caring and supportive family members, teachers, and peers a child can have a full recovery; including normal behavior and no social dysfunctions. However, if a child is surrounded in negativity, the risks of social impairment are a lot higher.

Collisions occur in sport activities, automobile accidents, and military combat commonly cause repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) (1). Repetitive mTBI is often associated with neurodegenerative disorders affecting cognition as well as behaviors exhibited in patients (5). Diffuse axonal injury is typically observed using diffusion tensor imaging (1). Impairment of brain communication resulting from axonal structures damage associated with mTBI may alter the neurological network, which in turn affecting individual’s behaviors (2). Anxiety disorders are heritable and genetic factors also attribute in part to determine individual’s behavior in response to stressful situations (3). While environmental stressors can intensify these psychological responses,

Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries (MTBI) or Concussions as they are most commonly known, can cause serious damage on the effected athletes brain resulting in the athlete suffering short-term effects (e.g. headache), long-term effects (e.g. memory loss) or both depending on the severity of force inflicted to the skull.

Over ten million traumatic brain injuries occur throughout the world each year (Kim et. al.). In the United States, there are 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries annually relating to sports injuries, and approximately 10% of military veterans have suffered a traumatic brain injury with persistent symptoms (Tan, Meehan, et. al.). Although traumatic brain injuries are most common in war or athletic injuries, anyone is at risk for a traumatic brain injury from random traumatic events. Traumatic brain injuries are the leading cause of death in individuals under the age of 24, most of which are caused by car accidents. The annual medical costs of traumatic brain injuries are estimated to be $60.4 billion, including $51.2 billion lost each year

As science and technology advances, athletes and loved ones hope that new technologies and discoveries can help them with current sports and also help the future athletes. Plus help prevent serious brain injuries caused by other accidents that cause brain trauma or any serious injuries. After all, the more we know about what brain trauma and other injuries the better doctors can diagnose it, than treat it and even prevent the future problems through new and improved protective