Andrei Marroquin
Use the Convolution of Kernel Matrixes in the Operating Room by using Medical Imaging Techniques.
Abstract
Medical imaging is an essential aspect in several fields of biomedical engineering, biomedical research and also in clinical practice especially in Operating Rooms and Emergency Rooms. The analysis of all these imaging techniques (MRI, CT scans, PET, X-Rays) generally requires computerized quantification and advance visualization tools. All the images that are obtained from diverse techniques carry useful medical, and physiological information that can be used by physicians for diagnosis or treating a particular disease or just for check ups. The aim of this project is to design a MATLAB program that
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In fact, medical imaging made it possible to identify diverse abnormalities in humans. These images can be obtained from Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), X-Rays, Ultrasound, positron emission tomography (PET), etc. Analyzing these images usually requires special programs and a user to run the software. All the images that are obtained, using different techniques, contain important and useful information for the physician to make a decision. MRIs are widely used by physicians and
researchers due to their advantages over other medical imaging techniques. Raymond Vahan Damadian created the MRI machine in 1977 after the discovery of the X-Ray, which was the first technique used to observe denser tissues such as bones [1]. In the case of the MRI, it uses the alignment of the hydrogen atom, and since human bodies are mostly composed of water this was a suitable approach.
A powerful superconducting solenoid that produces a strong magnetic field makes the hydrogen atoms point in the direction of the magnet. Once this point is reached, pulses of radio frequency are emitted by antennas that excite the nuclear spin energy transition and an image is formed [1]. Since MRI is a non-invasive procedure (MRI does not use any ionizing radiation like X-Rays) and the resulting images are produced in a high resolution, it is preferable to work with DICOM images from MRI. In
MRI uses the body’s natural magnetic properties to formulate an image of the soft tissues. It does this by using the hydrogen atom nucleus which has a single proton and is a spinning charged particle. The human body is made up of 70% water, which is hydrogen and oxygen. Those hydrogen nuclei (protons) spin inside the body, creating their own magnetic field. They are orientated randomly and cancel each other out when no field is applied.
MRI provides both anatomic and physiologic information. It is the modality of choice when cartilage, nerves, or organs are of interest. Magnetic resonance imaging does not give off any ionizing radiation. Instead, the magnetic force reacts with the hydrogen in our bodies to show the images. Because of this fact, it is the least harmful to the patient.
Healthcare has evolved tremendously over the last few decades. Technology, being one of the biggest impacts has reached new heights and has advanced our learning and knowledge to places unimaginable. Many different modalities take place in the health field to ensure the greatest treatment for everyone with improving outcomes. Three modalities that have enhanced and have taken special roles in 3-D imaging include, CT scans, MRI, and Ultrasound; each with their own advantages and disadvantages. These modalities all require training, are cost effective, and take a specific amount of time to obtain all the necessary information. These same modalities have different traits regarding the use of radiation, contrast, evidence
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to make pictures of organs and structures inside the body. In many cases, MRI gives different information about structures in the body than can be seen with an X-ray, ultrasound, or computed tomography (CT) scan. MRI also may show problems that cannot be seen with other imaging methods.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging is also known as MRI. This computerized device is used for scanning the
In the modern years, medical imaging has become a very important aspect of medical field since its origin in the 1970s Image processing has developed into an integral part of medical science ranging from PET scan to melanoma detection. Both the hardware and software required for Image processing have improved drastically resulting in today’s world where the medical professionals can recognise and diagnose thousands of diseases using this technology.
According to (Morris and Liberman, 2005), MRI is principles technique which has a different physical from mammography and ultrasound. It indicates the protons water density in tissues including its magnetic interactions with molecules in its local surroundings. Magnetic interactions affect on MRI signal, that influences how fast the water protons can get back to equilibrium after receiving the radio-frequency energy from RF coil. MRI Parameters system can adapt to switch of T1 and T2 weighting that is providing image contrast to be formed.
When radiological examination is recommended by a physician, the expected benefit received from the test will outweigh the potential radiation risks involved. MRI uses strong magnetic fields to align atomic nuclei (usually hydrogen protons) within body tissues, then uses a radio signal to disturb the axis of rotation of these nuclei and observes the radio frequency signal generated as the nuclei return to their baseline states.MRI scans do not expose patients to radiation, but the high force magnetic field used can cause significant problems if proper precautions are not met. Magnetic force used can cause metallic devices or implants to malfunction or be dislocated with the body. Images can be distorted by metal and electronic objects outside the body, due to interfere with the magnetic field of the MRI unit. Over exposure and unnecessary use of these imaging modalities can cause health risk.
Tissue that contains a lot of hydrogen, which happens bounteously in the human body as water, creates a splendid picture, while tissue that contains practically zero hydrogen (e.g., bone) seems dark. The brilliance of a MRI picture is encouraged by the utilization of a difference operator, for example, gadodiamide, which patients ingest or are infused with preceding the methodology. These operators can enhance
One of the main technologies that has been the primary component for detailed images is the MRI machine. This device was specifically designed to provide detailed images of the human body by using a powerful magnet that aligns the nuclei in atoms causing them to produce their own magnetic field which is detected by the scanner thus creating an image. (Morris, 1528-1529) Even though we have this capability, there are new developments in detailed imaging such as three- and four-dimensional (3D and 4D) technology. (Morris, 1531-1532) 3D and 4D imaging provide an efficient and accurate real-time look inside the human body. We now have the use of 4D ultrasound that have proven to be useful during pregnancy to evaluate possible birth defects of unborn babies as well as 4D MRI technology that is a non-invasive way to visualize blood flow in arteries. (Morris, 1531-1532)
The MRI is possible in the human body because our bodies are filled with small biological ?magnets?, the most abundant and responsive of these are the protons. The principal of the MRI is that it utilizes the random distribution of protons, which have basic magnetic properties. Once the patient is placed in the cylindrical magnet, the diagnosis process follows 3 steps. First, MRI
An MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is a scan that uses a system of techniques, involving magnetism, radio waves and a computer to generate detailed images of the human body. Essentially, it is a tube encased by a large circular magnet. The patient would be placed on a moveable bed, which is then inserted into the tube. The magnet then creates a strong magnetic field that aligns the protons of hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms come from the human body, which is 50-65% H2O. These atoms are exposed to a beam of radio waves. This spins the various protons of the body. As they spin, they produce a slight
Methods of improving the acquisition, display and interpretation of diagnostic medical images have been in a constant state of innovation since the discovery of x-ray in eighteen ninety-five (1895). The biggest changes have occurred along with and largely because of incredible advancements in computer technology. Medical imaging developers have harnessed computer technologies to perform tasks that have helped shape the typical diagnostic imaging department into an indispensable part of the diagnostic team.
To be completely honest, I do not know much about MRI machines; however, I did come across the device many times when I was with my clients at the hospital. I work as an interpreter, and I sometimes go with clients when they have an appointment with their doctors for x-rays or CAT scans, or even MRI scan. Nevertheless, I did have an MRI scan several times in my life. All I knew was that an MRI machine was a device which was used to take images of body just like the images taken by X-rays, CAT scans and Mammogram.
Modern medicine has undergone major advancements over the past years. One of these developments include the capacity to retrieve crucial information about the human body and its health beyond the use of manual diagnostic techniques. This is referred to as Medical or Diagnostic Imaging.