Use of Hemoglobin A1C to Diagnose Diabetes Essay

HbA1C is elevated at 8.8% and the goal for diabetics is to keep that value below 7%

Type 1 diabetes accounts for about 5 to 10 percent of diagnosed diabetes in the United States.

The purpose of this study is to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia among the elderly. As people with diabetis age, the physiological changes affect the diabetic. The purpose of this study is to consider whether HbA1 goals can be attained without undue treatment burden and decrease the risk of severe hypoglycemia. Though client teaching and minimizing the risk factors of hypoglycemia can prevent further exacerbation of catastrophic events that could have potential lethal outcomes to an older patient with diabetes. The one patient’s case, Mr. J., an 86 year old man who has had type 2 diabetes for 15 years is a quantitative study that focuses on prevention of hypoglycemia in older adults. Interventions include diet, meal planning, medication, glucose

The first way to get your A1C down is to educate yourself about the test and proper diabetes self-management. The A1C test is accurate and easy to administer because it does not require fasting. If your A1C is between 5.7 and 6.4 percent, you are diagnosed with pre-diabetes. This gives you time to get the number down and possibility avoid developing diabetes, if you work closely with a dedicated health care team. If the number is 6.5 percent or above, you have type 2 diabetes. It important to try to keep your A1C levels under 7 percent. Work with your diabetes health care team to develop an effective self-management plan. Talk

The metric that is underperforming to the most significant degree for the federal benchmarks is the percentage of patients receiving eye exams (Integris Health, 2017). However, the most widespread under improving benchmark that affects the most patients and healthcare professionals of the SRDC is the percentage of patients having a HbA1C higher than 9%. This affects all areas of the SRDC due to abnormal patient glucose levels affects all aspects of the diabetic patient’s health and healthcare (Chrvala, Sherr, & Lipman, 2016). Subsequently, the most significant opportunity to improve the health of the SRDC patients, the community’s health, the SRDC, and improve patient outcomes is to improve the HbA1C levels of the patients.

There is an unresolved debate on whether routine HbA1c’s are not cost effective and the model should remain as women receiving a polycose test at 24-28 weeks. An HbA1c is a blood test that requires no consumption of concentrated glucose drinks or fasting. It measures the amount of blood glucose over the prior 120 days (Sevket, Sevket, Ozel, Dansuk & Kelekci, 2014). It has however been concluded that HbA1c’s are not an alternative for diagnosis of GDM and are not useful in reduces the need for further diagnostic testing (Sevket, Sevket, Ozel, Dansuk & Kelekci, 2014). Therefore not all guidelines are updated to follow these recommendations supported by the MOH (2014) REFERENCE and REFERENCE. The algothrithm for ADHB (2013) and WDHB (2012) follow the ‘risk screening’ approach where only women with risk factors are offered an HbA1c, all other women are offered the routine polycose at 24-28 weeks. Victorias midwife followed these guidelines. The screening and diagnosis of GDM also detects unrecognised type two diabetes and rarely type one (Pairman et al., 2015) because the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus includes insulin resistance, similar to GDM. Thus pregnancy provides a window of opportunity to identify women at risk of developing type 2 diabetes or who may be in the prediabetic state (Lacroix et al, 2013; Chasam-Taber, 2015). Prehaps if Victoria was offered an HbA1c at booking her GDM might have been recognised earlier.

Currently, there is not enough data on the pervasiveness of type 1 diabetes and no approximations made for the US population. However, type 1 diabetes affects about 1.25 million Americans (accounting for 5% of people with diabetes) and expected number of 40,000 people will be diagnosed each year in the United States (American Diabetes Association). Mortality statistics related to type 1 diabetes have improved from one out of five mortality rate within twenty years after diagnosis to 3.5% and 7% mortality rate within 20years and 25 years after diagnoses (National Institute of Health). Type 1 diabetes typically occurs in children and young adults, though it can appear at any age. Ten percent to thirteen percent people diagnosed have a first degree relative with type 1 diabetes

Diabetes is a rising epidemic that is largely due to the increasing rates of obesity, especially in young adults (Oram et al., 2016). Thus, it is becoming more difficult to discern between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in this population, which can lead to inappropriate treatment administration. Classification of diabetes subtypes is the first step in determining an individual’s course of treatment, thus accuracy is imperative. Many predictive and diagnostic tests exist for diabetes, including fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, hemoglobin A1C, islet autoantibodies, and insulin C-peptide testing (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [NIDDK], 2015). However, recent research (Oram et al., 2016) has proposed that genetic risk scoring may be effective in accurately classifying diabetes. Furthermore, proper identification would assist providers in predicting which young adults are likely to advance quickly to a state of insulin insufficiency. In this paper, we will review and discuss the research and clinical findings associated with genetic risk scoring and the improved discernment between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in young adults, as well as evaluate its implications for nursing practice.

American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends to use the HgA1c to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes (Silverman, 2011). This is because HbA1c has several advantages over glucose test; they are: no requirement of fasting, can be obtained any time, predicts risk of microvascular complications, information on 120 days of glycemic control and, not affected by stress and exercise (Sacks, 2011). HbA1c of 6.5% indicates diagnosis of diabetes and 5.7% to 6.4% indicates prediabetes (Silverman, 2011). However, the accuracy of HgA1c depends on the normal life span of erythrocytes. HgA1c may not give accurate information in certain situation; Some of the situation are: hemolytic disease, individual with blood loss, chronic alcoholism, uremia, hyperglyceridemia,

In a normal non-diabetic HbA1C is less than 5.5%. Diabetes may be defined as having an HbA1c > 48mmol/mol (6.5%).

Increased hunger, thirst, blurred vision and lethargy are common symptoms that are synonymous to the metabolic disease that is diabetes. Unfortunately, there also exists a pre-diabetic stage, to which can often go undiagnosed for years before any clinical symptoms are apparent. Nevertheless, the glucose tolerance test compares fasting (basal) levels against tests at various random tests. Observation of the fluctuations in blood glucose concentration, enable assessment of how glucose load is managed by the

In a 12 week study of diabetic type II patients (n=161) their where no changes in the level of HbA1C (www.rxlist.com).

type 2 diabetes diagnosis for 6 months or longer; and (3) at risk for microvascular and macrovascular diabetes-related complications (HbA1c ≥ 7.0%) and either current systolic blood pressure of ≥130, LDL cholesterol ≥ 100, or BMI ≥ 30.”(miller et al 2013). Questionnaires were used to collect the data from the participants. These questionnaires were used to assess diabetic medical history, self care, and demographic information. As for physiologic measures, HbA1c values were obtained from venous fasting blood draws. A calibrated sphygmomanometer was used to

The authors conducted screening for diabetes in southern Chinese communities using the fasting plasma glucose diagnostic test along with the HBA1c test. The use of the HBA1c n test was found to increase the percentage of residents at risk of diabetes by unmasking differences that could not be explained by other diagnostic tests. The findings of their study revealed that the prevalence of diabetes in rural China had increased considerably, primarily due to an aging

First, the recognition of the importance of intensive glycemic control to reduce the risk of long-term complications has spurred development. Second, the epidemic of type 2 diabetes has created an enormous market with commensurate profits for the pharmaceutical industry. The relatively low bar set by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the approval of new antidiabetic drugs, the requirement to lower the glycated hemoglobin level, a surrogate measurement, it would rather show direct effects on long-term complications — had speed up on their new drug approvals.