Using Distributed Generations ( Dgs ) Scheduling For Distribution Network Scheduling

From Fig 3, it is possible to note that occurs a decrease in the maximum annual demand on the feeder when DGs are connected to the electrical network, except when it is only inserted WGs on the network (the influence in this scenario can be neglected). Table III shows the annual maximum demand of the feeder 1 and its variation in relation to Case

IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems. This document provides a uniform standard for interconnection of distributed resources with electric power systems. It establishes criteria and requirements relevant to the performance, operation, testing, safety considerations and maintenance of the interconnection.

DG set can be easily located near the load hence requiring less expenditure for interconnection.

Proper allocation and sizing of DG will improve the voltage profile of electrical power system and reduces losses in the system.

With the development of renewable sources and the emphasis on renewable energy, the energy transition will need an expanded, adapted grid to cope with more renewable power. The current grid in Germany is designed to take power from central power stations to consumers, but this is not sustainable for renewable energies. Large power plants will continue to export power to the transit grid, but it needs to be changed so that power from wind turbines in the north can reach consumers in the west and south. In 2011, the German Parliament passed the ‘Act on Accelerating Grid Expansion’ calling for a review of ultra-high voltage lines by Germany’s Network Agency and for high-voltage (110-kilovolt) lines to be installed as underground cables.

The significant increase in penetration of renewable energygeneration is expected to affect the operational aspects of powersystems and more specifically isolated micro grids that mainly relyon renewable energy sources. Indeed, the issue of UC schedulesand real-time dispatch of a micro grid with controllable DGs is morecomplicated in the presence of high wind and solar generation pen-etration. To address these operational challenges, it is necessaryto manage the variability and uncertainty associated with theseenergy sources. It has become clearer than ever that a flexiblemicro grid is vital. In this paper, a comprehensive stochastic mathe-matical model has been developed to enable operation interactionof DERs under uncertainty in islanded micro grids. Hence prob-abilistic coordination of DERs on micro grid operations has beenexamined with respect to their independent presence and withconsideration of the hourly interruption cost for residential, com-mercial, and industrial customers in order to determine the optimalprobabilistic interruptible load, if required. The simulation resultsshow that

The AMI section studies alternative communication network technologies and simulation of the proposed design techniques that can be used for networking the components of the modern metering infrastructure that supports DSM. The Standalone solar PV system studies feasibility of the approach. The economic feasibility studies concentrate more on cost-benefit trade-offs of domestic PV integration in terms of DSM and peak demand saving (PDS). The technical feasibility study investigates power quality disturbances and how these can be detected and mitigated. In addition, the thesis presents case studies on real-life implementation issues of AMI and solar PV systems. These case studies also resolve into power management for implementation of the proposed DSM solutions.

　　Since the industrial revolution started, the acceleration of technology development never stopped. However, with the development of new technologies, environment is suffering the consequences. The rate of Carbon dioxide is increasing rapidly. To mitigate this pollution, the concept of electric vehicle arose. The electric vehicles contribute in reducing the carbon dioxide emissions[1]. Thus, the use of electric vehicles is getting more popular as time goes by. As a result of that, electric vehicles must be integrated to the electric grid. They will be treated as electric loads, which means that all concepts of power system will be applied on them. Therefore, when electric vehicles are charged, they will cause voltage drop on the distribution feeders. Hence, the presence of voltage regulators might change the voltage response of the system.

In the traditional distribution network, the systems are designed and controlled autonomously. Hence a fault at a system will have serious problem and need immediate rectification. But, rectification of these problems is very difficult. More due to the increase in prices of fossil fuel which are the main cause for generating electricity. Thus, centralized control and integrating their functions is a crucial problem faced in the traditional distribution network. To overcome these issues, there comes Information and communication Technology (ICT) to integrate all the important elements in a distribution system. This develops an environment at distribution level, which is controlled and integrated called “smart grid” which bring up to the date where the electricity generated is transported, distributed by optimizing the system’s economy and the improving the system’s capability to spring back into shape.

A microgrid is introduced to resolve the issues with the economics and the resilience of power delivery systems. Microgrid loads get supplied by both the utility grid and on-site generation when connected to the utility grid. A microgrid is seen as an aggregated controllable load from the utility grid.

BACKGROUND: The power system, built on century-old technology and approaches, was designed to deliver electricity from large, remote power plants across significant distances to the cities and towns where electricity is used. For that reason, there is great need for an effective Protection and Control of the System to complete the chain of Generation, Transmission and Distribution to the users.

EDSs are mainly designed meshed but operated radially for some technical and financial concerns. Distribution networks can be represented with a graph in ordered pairs consisting of a set of vertices, i.e. buses and a set of edges, i.e. branches; in terms of mathematics this equivalents to a sparse matrix which its non-zero elements signifies the existence of an edge in the system. On this basis a typical distribution network is radial if it forms a tree where each load bus is exactly supplied from one source node, i.e. substation bus [11]. This suggests MOEDNRC problem as identifying the set of non-dominated trees of the given graph. In this section we’ve devised a heuristic technique based on this idea as well as the rules defined in [30] to retain the connectivity and radial properties of individuals during the optimization process. It’s worth mentioning that these properties are broadly disturbed by EAs due to the stochastic nature of these algorithms unless a heuristic plan is devised to preserve the mentioned properties. As a result generation of infeasible agents in sheer numbers by EAs is quite a normal observation. The proposed technique is able to prevail over this shortcoming and would increase the performance of EAs as well. Before proceeding with the designed technique, some terminologies are first introduced to set the stage for the plan.

Voltage control and reactive power compensation in a distribution network with embedded wind energy conversion system (WECS) represent main concern of this paper. The WECS is of a fixed speed/constant frequency type that is equipped with an induction generator driven by an unregulated wind turbine. The problem is viewed from short term (10 seconds) and mid-term (10 minutes) time domain responses of the system to different wind speed changes. Being disturbed by a variable wind speed, the WECS injects variable active and reactive power into the distribution network exposing nearby consumers to excessive voltage changes. In the FACTS-based solution

Present grid networks are oriented for conventional power generation but are not capable of handling the varied conditions and losses in transmission and inconveniences of power

Power system planning is one of the most important areas in power system research. The