Using Dna Sequencing Analysis

    Dogs have been domesticated for over 10,000 years. Food from the humans would bring the dogs to them, and the dogs would bark at predators when they came so the people started to feed the dogs to keep them around. In the 1’st century AD in China Roman mosaics show evidence of the present day Pekingese and Roman ladies also had lap dogs. They believe the dogs warmth cures stomach aches. The earliest evidence of any domesticated dog is a jawbone found in Iraq in a cave about 12,000 years ago. We know it is a jawbone of a dog because a jawbone of a wolf is smaller and the teeth is smaller.

There are a lot of discussions about whether wolves and dogs belong to the same species or not. Recently dogs were reclassified from “canis familiaris” to “canis lupus familiaris” what means they are considered as a sub-species of the wolf species “canis lupus”. However, they are extremely close relatives and genetic studies prove that both share a common ancestry. We can consider a dog like tamed or domesticated form of a wolf.

The true origin of the dog is unknown, since there are many theories about how they became to be. The grey wolf is the most probable ancestor of all current dogs breeds. Early humans formed an unlikely partnership with the grey wolf. It was to say that dogs were wild until about 12,000 years ago, but in 1997 a DNA analysis suggested a date of about 130,000 years ago for the transformation of wolves to dogs. Which means wolves began to adapt to human society long before humans settled down and began learning agriculture. One group suggested that wolves and dogs split 32,000 years ago, somewhere in East Asia. An analysis of mitochondrial DNA from 18 fossil canids. They were the first animal we humans domesticated. The fates of our two species became braided together.

Back then, the wolf-like dogs would have been used for hunting thanks to their amazing hearing and excellent smell. These traits would help the hunters tremendously. The hunters also used them as guard dogs for their livestock. Also, if the hunters were ever attacked by an enemy, the wolf-like dogs would have come in very handy as another warrior on the battle field since wolves are faster and stronger than humans. Having a loyal animal is useful in many ways when the world used to be wild and untamed. Plus, the lack of technology in the past would make it seem that a tamed animal would equal that of a machine.

One of the great questions of humanity has always been where did we come from, how did we get here, and where are we headed? There are entire fields of science dedicated to answering this question. Veterinarians and geneticists worldwide are working to provide research that could lead to an answer to this question. Recently, a study was published discussing the genetic heritage of Fonni’s dogs. This breed originated on the island of Sardinia in the Mediterranean Sea. Sardinia is the target of many genetic studies due to its geographical and genetic isolation. The aim of the study was to trace the genetic heritage of the Fonni’s dog. Through this study, researchers found that the Fonni’s heritage could be traced to breeds commonly found in areas where Sardinia’s human population migrated from. Studies like this can create a greater understanding of human and animal history by finding parallels in the genetic evidence pointing to where and why humanity was there. For example, a scholar or historian studying an ancient civilization poses the question: Was the society here hunter-gatherer, or sheep farmers? The answer could be found by asking another question: Did they have a hunting type dog, or a shepherd type dog? Human and dog have been partners in hunting and agriculture since the dawn of

The second video analyzed the genetics of dogs and believe things are more complicated. We cannot compare modern wolves with modern dogs, we must compare ancient wolves with modern dogs. This video also believes

There were two theories propose regarding the domestication of wolves. First, it was believed that wolves were domesticated by taking wolf pups away from their natural habitat, taming and conditioning them to live with humans (Clutton-Brock,1995).elporte, 1990). There were also some evidences showing that dogs has been around humans which dates back from fourteen thousand years before the present (Nobis,1979). Also, about ten thousand years ago images featuring dogs were discovered and was soon followed by identification of dog breeds (Brewer et al.,

The Combined DNA Index System or CODIS is defined as a program used by the FBI which stores DNA data on a national level. As such, CODIS combines science and computer technology creating an avenue enabling federal, local, and state law enforcement agencies to connect violent crimes by electronically exchanging and comparing the DNA profiles of offenders, thus providing possible connections to other crimes committed and associations with other known

Where do you think that dogs came from? They came from their ancestors ¨ The Gray Wolf ¨. People and dogs were not friends, until dogs got braver and came to human camps. Dogs went into camps to look for food that was left out. Then people started training dogs to help them and protect them from dangerous animals like saber tooth tigers with 11 inches fangs and woolly mammoth with tusk as long and sharp as swords.

What? You don't think dogs are cool? Dogs have been by our sides for thousands of years. Dogs are a mans best friend. Have you ever wonder where they came from or when they were first born or made? Where was the first dog from? All of these questions can be answered but with help. Wolves have evolved into dogs, and dogs became pets due to the relationship between dogs and humans having changed over time.

In society today dogs are a part of the average family, but long ago they were wolves, and threats to humans. Wolves today are similar to ones long ago, but the difference is that some wolves evolved past regular wolves to become slobbery, friendly, and cute dogs. Dogs started out as a threat towards humans, but they evolved past that to become Bodyguards, workers, and warriors. Today they are the most loved animal on the Earth as members of a family.

As a direct descendant of the wolf, the modern dog exhibits something like 85 to

There are several theories on how the evolution from wolf to dog came about. One theory is that the human environment attracted wolves. Wolves started following people around to take advantage of food scraps that were left behind. Eventually, wolves lost fear of people, and people lost fear of wolves. The benefits of this new relationship were not just one way. Wolves also helped humans by sniffing out prey and helping them hunt. Success likely meant the humans would share their food with wolves. This is a very popular theory, but it has been disputed. Archeological digs show that the early dogs were not eating the same mammoth meat that the humans were eating. Instead, their main diet consisted mostly of less popular human meat such as reindeer. The prehistoric dogs also had many broken teeth and severe facial wounds. Although these injuries could be from fighting with other dogs, many scientists believe the dogs had been beaten with sticks, leading many to assume the relationship between man and prehistoric dog was not as companionable as the theory would suggest.

Domestic dogs evolved from a group of wolves that came into contact with European hunter-gatherers between 18,800 and 32,100 years ago.

DNA polymerases are vital in how an organism can sustain life. DNA polymerases are enzymes that synthesize DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides and are accountable for DNA replication. They are absolutely critical for DNA replication and will typically work in sets so that they can create two identical sets of DNA strands from one single strand of DNA. DNA polymerase will catalyze the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn diphosphate + DNAn+1. DNA polymerases are extremely important because each time a cell divides, DNA polymerases have to be involved in order to assist in duplicating the cell’s DNA. Duplication of a cell’s DNA allows for the daughter cell to get a copy of the genetic information so that it can carry to multiple generations after. Helicase unwinds DNA so that it separates the two strands making them each single stranded, which will be used as “templates for replication” (Mandal, 2014). DNA polymerase becomes important as now it can add nucleotides to the 3’ end so that the 5’ to 3’ will be extended. DNA polymerase is a very precise and accurate process although, a mistake of one in a billion base pairs copied can be made. DNA polymerase proofreads the DNA so that the base pairs can be corrected if need be. As a visual, “DNA polymerases are shaped like a hand with fingers, palm and thumb subdomains” (Benoît).