Using Material from Item a and Elsewhere, Assess Sociological Explanations of Changes in the Status of Childhood (24 Marks)

Children who come from a lower social economic background are more likely to be in poverty themselves. This can lead to lower expectations of the child from both parents and also the education system, leaving them little or no hope of getting out of poverty even though they may have the ability to do so.

A description of the social, economical and cultural factors that will impact on the lives of children and young people.

There is little evidence of what it was really like in the past so it is difficult for a lot of people to re-construct the life of a child, however from what I have researched, and in my own opinion I am going to summarise the historical changes in childhood experience and relate these changes to childhood development and rights.

Moore, W. (2011). The Other Wes Moore: One Name, Two Fates. New York, NY: Random House

Three sociological perspectives used in the study of minorities are: Structural functionalism, symbolic interactionalism and conflict theory. These perspectives offer "theoretical paradigms" for explaining how society influences people, taking into account the social factors that impact on human behavior. However, different theories, ideas, and prejudices can influence a sociologist's conclusions. Each of these theories has a contribution to make with a distinct focus.

Different discourses of childhood have different ideas of childhood which has different implications on the way in which children are treated. Within the social constructionist theory there are 3 main discourses - romantic, puritan and tabula rasa. This essay will look

The area a child grows up in has an effect, for example if a child is brought up on a council estate in poor housing they are more likely to have health problems. If parents are not working or have low income jobs they are likely to buy cheaper food and usually this means lower quality which can lead to health problems. Children and their families may have lower expectations. They might settle for the life that id mapped out. If a child lives in high rise flats or appartments they have less oppportunities to play. In poor quality housing there may not be a garden or safe playing area. This is reducing the childs opportunities to develop their physical gross motor skills. This of course is not always the case

1.describe the social, economic and cultural factors that will impact on the lives of children and young people (unit 7)

In most if not all cases, the class you are born into will determine how you will be raised, and who you will grow up to become. Whether you can speak up for yourself, if you are humble with what you have or you have a more hectic schedule or not, it all plays into what class you are from. No two childhoods are equal and Annette Lareau in her book, Unequal Childhoods explains why this is the case. I will be examining chapters four, five, and seven. These chapters examine poor and working children and teenagers and how their childhoods differ and relate to each other based on the class they were born in whether that be lower class to the poor. What can be learned from examining these three kids, Harold McAllister, Katie Brindle, and Tyrec Taylor is the advantages and disadvantages of having a childhood in the class of the poor or working class.

Childhood studies is a subject area surrounding the study of children’s lives through many different concepts or ideas with many different features. It is related to many different fields such as law, history, sociology, health, anthropology and much more as Martin Woodhead (Open University) said “It uses multiple methods rather than just singular methods” and is “inter-disciplinary” Childhood studies expresses and tries to understand the many different parts of a child’s life and the different issues surrounding childhood, therefore it has many different features.

When looking at infant mortality rates in the lowest class evidence shows that double the amount of babies die in comparison to the highest class this can be linked to poverty the poorer you are the worse your chances are even at birth. These following factors increase the risk of infant death; the age of the mother aged less than 18 years is the highest and the lowest for mothers between 30 and 34. With the high teenage pregnancy epidemic and women from lower social class background the most at risk from losing their baby.

* Connect your concepts to the TCOs. Indicate the TCOs covered in parentheses, as demonstrated in the assignment instructions.

Parents have goals and standards for their children. They have high standards and dreams that they desire for their children to accomplish by the time they reach old age. However, do parents have different hopes and standards for their sons than daughters? Males and females are different, but equal. Therefore, parents should treat all their children the same way and base goals and standards off of their children as they grow with new interests. More than a decade into the 21st century, parents across the globe have similar standards and similar goals for their sons and daughters, but American parents are far more likely to want differently, act differently, and treat their children different based on gender. Parents have different hopes and standards for their sons than for their daughters sexually, academically, and socially; all having different effects on each gender.

To start with an overview of social constructionism in very general terms leads to build understandings of child and childhood in a social world more explicitly. Notion of social construction is defined in diverse disciplines and instead of generating a description there are a number of thoughts. “It is sometimes called a movement, at other times a position, a theory, a theoretical orientation, an approach; psychologists remain unsure of its status (Stam 2001, p. 294)”. Vivien (1995, p. 10) points the origin of social constructionism stems from two to three hundred years ago in the period of enlightenment, modernism and postmodernism. By all means, Berger and Luckmann’ (1966) book The Social

Chapter 9 focuses on the differences in parenting that can com from varying cultural practices. The conditions for this variance can include differing economic conditions, location of country / continent weather rural or urban environment, religion etc .. The next topic the chapter goes over is parenting and how it has changed over time throughout the world. Ideal painting parenting has changed as different eras alter that perc what's a chapter sighting how colonial American parents were very strict towards their children, with parents expecting total obedience from children. With the rise of the Industrial Revolution children from Rich families try to wind down their children with leisure and provide them with good education while poor families needed children who can do labor. Socialization is discussed heavily in the chapter children throughout their childhood in adult life will acquire all the knowledge and skills as humans by participating in society. Many different social psychologist have their own theories to explain the process of socialization. Sigmund Freud argues recycle analytic perspective. Jean piaget argues his cognitive development theory. Charles Cooney and George Mead proposed that people's own character stems from how others perceive them and then people even assume other people's mental role to better understand them Alfred Bandura created his Social Learning Theory. A crucial change that is a curd with raising a child is the influence of others due to