Using Secondary Data Sources In Public Health

Tobacco has and still is the most important public health issue faced in Australia and internationally. (Jochelson, 2006). Many countries such as North America, England, Australia, Canada and Ireland have introduced policies regarding smoking in public areas and restriction of smoking in indoor areas. (Thomson, Wilson & Edwards, 2009). The government, community leaders and policy makers work towards introducing policies that will stop consumers from smoking in public areas. (Pizacani, maher, Rohde, Drach & Stark, 2012). Government intervention should extend public smoking bans so that second hand smokers can be safe, a better environment and less death incidents relating to smoking.

The P.E.R.I.E. process is illustrated in this case by the steps taken to address the issue of smoking rates in adults, being impacted by the rise in adolescent smoking behaviors. The first step of this process is the Problem. In this case, the text indicates, the problem is the growth rate of smoking teens in the 80’s and 90’s (Riegelman & Kirkwood, 2015). This in turn, led to an increase in adult smokers. This would raise rates again, after previously lowering them by approximately 50% (Riegelman & Kirkwood, 2015). The next step is Etiology. In this step we correlate smoking with cancer and the rise of adult smoking rates with the growth of adolescent smoking rates. This in turn, correlates adolescent cigarette smoking, to the rises in cancer (morbidity), and deaths from cancer (mortality). The case study also states, “…it was also found that nearly 90% of those who smoked started before the age of 18…” (Riegelman & Kirkwood, 2015). It was determined through behavior modification (preventing adolescent smoking), the rate of adult smokers would reduce. Thus, recommendations were introduced. The case study reveals, adolescents were targeted in cigarettes advertisements and marketing (Riegelman & Kirkwood, 2015). Cigarette availability was also an issue. Implementations of sales and advertisement campaign policies, were altered in reference to miners. The text reveals, once evaluated, strategies to reduce adolescent smoking

In the United States, smoking cigarettes is the number one preventable cause of morbidity and death (Bergen, 1999), and accounts for $300 Billion in health care costs and economic productivity loss (Jamal, 2015). While the national smoking rate is 16.8% (CDC, 2016), specific demographics are more susceptible to developing smoking habits: people who live below the poverty line (10.9% higher), disabled or with a limitation (6.2% higher), and males (4.7% higher) (Agaku, 2014).

Secondary data using existing data, as related to new data that is being gathered or have been recently gathered. Information already exist on the topics that are being studied. In quantitative approaches, it is this knowledge that assists one with finding the hypothesis to be examined in the new research. It opens the door for the researcher to further explore and generate new questions for the study. This also allows the researcher to find gaps in the research process. Secondary data sources can be acquired via the

d how routine data collected in health and social care informs the planning of care for individuals

While evaluating and analyzing the issue of smoking, various models and systems could be used. Healthy People 2020 use information analyzed from national census data of events such as the National Vital Statistics System. It also uses data from nationally representative sample surveys for example the National Health Interview survey. Data on the relationship between maternal behavior and birth weight, maternal and child health and vital statistics derived from The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAM) can also be

Next the columnist begins a strongly worded evidenced-based approach by discussing the declining percentage of regular smokers. The Editorial begins to bring in numerous sources of evidence such as Anti-Cancer Council data and the survey results of Victorians from 1998 to 2006. This use of scientific statistics shows the reader that The Editorial offers an expertise point of view into the issue and has genuine factual evidence to back up their arguments. This would reassure the reader

A. Second hand smoke causes just as many of the same health issues to those around a smoker and as could be produced in the smoker. As reported by the Center for Disease Control, illness from smoking ranges from lung cancer, ischemic heart disease, and chronic airway obstruction as well as shortening a person's lifespan averaging 13.2 years for me and 14.5 years for women (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion). These are risks that many smokers know may just be regurgitated facts, but is not hearing them once more another chance to decide that health is better than a cigarette? Much of the health issues that society deals with today would be greatly decreased if more and more people began to quit smoking.

When recalling completing the census for 2010; there were many questions on health and smoking. It left a question as to how this data would be used. In more recent times there has appeared to be an increase in surveys from medical, corporations, and sales. All of the data gathered is used to assess how they are doing and are needs being met, the same is true for health assessments.

In the community assessment of San Fernando valley part, A, it was mentioned that there are many chronic illnesses such as heart disease, asthma, diabetes and obesity that are caused by poor health management, high cost of healthcare and inadequate knowledge of the disease. One factor that could cause these chronic diseases is the Tobacco usage among adults. According to Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) (2017), Smoking may cause cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung disease, diabetes and COPD which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

When studying the health of the community, you must conduct an effective needs assessment. First, you need to identify why the assessment is being done, and what information you are looking for. You also need to know which method will be used to collect the information. There are two methods that can be used primary or secondary data. Primary data are collected through surveys, listening sessions, interviews, and observation (CDC, 2010). While, secondary is a data that has been collected by someone else for a different purpose (CDC, 2010). The type of data used depends on the available resources, manpower, technology, and time available (Community Tool Box, 2016). Once the data are collected, the results must be analyzed and evaluated on the

Once data is collected it can be used by numerous health care providers and decision makers to monitor the health and needs of individuals and populations, as well as contribute to the analysis of the health system. Users including hospitals, health care practitioners, government, professional associations, researchers, media, students, and the general public. Having the correct and up-to-date coded data is critical, not only for the delivery of high-quality clinical care, but also for continuing health care, maintaining health care at an optimum level, for clinical and health service research, and planning and management of

Primary and secondary sources are ways in which data can be retrieved. As Serakan (2006) stated, “Primary data refer to information obtained by the researcher on the variables of interest for the specific purpose of the study”. Various evidence suggesting to what methods of primary research can be conducted and which are most effective for the previously mentioned problem description are stated in this chapter.

The mission of the Public Health Informatics Institute is to act as a neutral convener of people working as public health professionals and public health stakeholders to enable and transform capacity to effectively apply information relevant to the public health praxis in order to improve global health outcomes. Three basic work areas are pursued by the Public Health Informatics Institute: Training, convening and facilitating, and requirements development.

Effective public practices require accurate, timely, and reliable information from an extensive variety of sources. Although not well known, the public health sector was among the first to adopt computers and other relevant information technologies. The successful utilization of these systems in the provision of public health require the use of systematic and informed