Using a language to communicate is one of the main forms of connecting and conversing with other humans. Every human speaks a language and every language is unique. Languages are so unique that the ways in which some of their words are sounded and pronounced vary compared to other languages. However some of the words of one language may have been borrowed from the words of another language. As Bucholtz, M.(2000) states “English will continue to shape the youth styles of other cultures” and “the process of cultural and linguistic borrowing moves in [two] directions…Asia [is] already having a significant impact on American youth, who regularly encounter mediated forms of international youth culture in music, film, and fashion ” p 280-283. …show more content…
The participants involved consists of two speakers that are Australian born and raised in Australia, with one of them being between the ages of 18-25 and the other over 65 years. The final two participants involves one of them being a non-native speaker of English between the ages of 18-70 and the other a non-Australian native speaker of English aged between 18-70. The aim of the experiment is to find out about the differences in the variations of speech of each of the 4 different participants. These included vocabulary choices such as youth slang, gender differences, phonetic differences such as pronunciation and intonation and style differences such as Americanism in Australian English.
Analysis Speaker 1
(Australian born and raised 18-25 speaker of English) Speaker 2
(Australian born and raised 65+ Speaker of English) Speaker 3
(Non-native speaker of English) Speaker 4
(non-Australian native speaker of English)
Youth slang • Yes • No • Yes • No
Phonetic difference The ‘er’ at the end of most words was not pronounced but rather with a [a] Pronunciation The ‘er’ at the end of most words was not pronounced but rather with a [a] Pronunciation There was a confusion between /b/ and /p/ in words for pronunciation. There was an emphasis on the pronunciation of the ‘r’ at the end of words.
Vocabulary
Average range of vocabulary used Very formal use of language. Low range of vocabulary
The phonological patterns of Maine’s dialects are pretty interesting to the outsiders by the way the Mainers pronounce certain words. There are many words are pronounced with the AH sound like sound in the word “father.” In project
Since [eʌ] is considered a “raised” [æ], the analysis assumption is that [æ] and [eʌ] are allophones of /æ/. The underlying representation only consists of /æ/ when the sound following it contains s, d, p, t, m, or n. The surface representation consists of both [æ] and [eʌ] as shown in (iv).
According to the statistical chart provided in the essay “A Contrastive Analysis of French and American English”, English syllables generally end with a consonant, while French syllables usually end with a vowel with fifty-five percent in total. For English people, they may pronounce a French word with English syllable structure. For instance, the French word gris [gʁi] ends with a vowel; however, English people may pronounce it like [gʁis]. This is because most words in English end with a consonant, and English people may instinctively emit the consonant sound in the end of a French word. The analysis in the essay also indicates that the syllable structure difference between English and French may make French speaker having trouble pronounce English words that end with a consonant. For example, French people may pronounce the word distant [distənt] as [distã] or [distən]. French syllables usually end with a vowel, and therefore French people tend to skip to pronounce the consonant in the end when they face an English
The insult argr, along with two others: stro∂inn and sanssor∂inn, make up the three fullrettisord, “words whose utterance amounts to a capital
[a] is the low vowel, because the tongue is in the lowest position. It’s very open, and
Its pronunciation varies between [s], [z], and [ɪz], as in maps, games, and glasses respectively. A purely phonological realization would most likely assign to these three ending phonemic representations /s/, /z/ or /ɪz/. On a morphophonological level, however, they may all be considered forms of the underlying object //z//, which is a morphophoneme. The different forms it takes depend on the segment at the end of the morpheme to which it attaches: the dependencies are described by morphophonological rules. The behaviour of the English past tense ending "-ed" is similar, it can be pronounced /t/, /d/ or /ɪd/, as in worked, bobbed and loaded respectively. (Hargus, & Kaisse, 1993) and (Hayes,
Morphological rules may condition phonological alternations. In other words, Morphology provides a number of alternatives, equivalent from the morphological point of view, and the phonology then computes which of them is optimal from the phonological point of view. For example, the two suffixes (er, aar) in Dutch look like allomorphs in the sense that they are phonologically similar. However, -aar is used after a stem ending in an unstressed syllable, whereas -er is used elsewhere. (Cohen-Goldberg, Cholin, Miozzo, & Rapp, 2013)
Diphthongs are two vowel sounds which are pronounced as one. Diphthong Old French Old English /eu/ neveu neveu (nephew) /au/ cause cause /Ui/ bouillir boille (boil) point point / i/ noyse noise choisir chois (choice) The new English diphthongs were not exactly like they were in French - they were modified by existing English vowels to create brand new diphthongs. The stress pattern of Old French words differed from that of Old English words, and often both stress patterns were present. Germanic languages, such as English, tends to place primary stress on the first syllable, unless that syllable is an unstressed prefix. French, on the other hand, prefers to stress the heavy syllable (one containing a coda) closest to the end of the word. Middle English loans from French often retained their native stress pattern, however, in Present-Day English, the majority of these borrowed words have conformed to the Germanic pattern. Lexicon Irrefutably, the largest influence that the Normans had on the English language was on its vocabulary. From the time William usurped the English throne until the end of the Middle English period, our language was inundated with French vocabulary terms. In fact, of the 2,650 words in the epic English poem "Sir Gawaine and the Green Knight," at least 750 are estimated to be
The move towards standardization of spelling for word endings can be seen in the seventeenth century. The fluidity of spelling was still prevalent as shown
*the second error is that they mispronounce /e/sound as it is usually pronounced as /i/sound . For example :
E. Some word with “re” that have erractic or unexpected meanings such as rebel, rescue, remark, refer, receive, relay, replace, reverse, ….
Lauder’s (1995b) counting of consonant clusters in the 1993 dictionary (KBBI 1993) reveals that syllables with CC amounts only 3.65%. Small though the frequency is, the variety of cluster is around thirty kinds.
In stage one, there is a tendency of misunderstanding between the pronunciation of phoneme B and A, due to the fact that some outlying realizations of phoneme B appears to be similar as A. This will make phoneme tokens of B less likely to be recognized by language learners.
(I) There are few ways of seeing situation concerning the classification of English consonants. According to V.A. Vassilyev primary importance should be given to the type of obstruction and the manner of
There has been a growing research interest in the non-arbitrary form-meaning mapping in the linguistics. A research will be conducted to investigate whether there are smaller meaning-bearing sub-morphemic units that constitute phonaesthemes or consonant clusters , more specifically, the meaning of “l” in initial clusters such as gl-, sl-, and fl- (quick movement), and the iconicity in words that begin with it.