Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a new quantitative method based on

The goal of this experiment was to find out active chemical components in Anacin and Tylenol, using Thin Layer Chromatography technique. This technique uses the difference in the intermolecular forcer and polarity to separate mixtures. Comparing Rf values were then used to determine the active chemical components in the two analgesics. The overall result was that Acetaminophen exists in Tylenol and Acetylsalicylic Acid exists in Anacin.

The purpose of this lab is to investigate the composition of a compound suspected to be Panacetin, a type of pain-killer. Panacetin is typically made up of sucrose, aspirin, and acetaminophen, but the third component in this experiment is unknown. The unknown component is suspected to be a chemical relative of acetaminophen, either acetanilide or phenacetin. Using techniques such as extraction, evaporation, and filtration, the three components will be isolated based on their solubilities and acid-base properties. Then, the percent composition of Panacetin can be deduced based on the masses of the three dried components. The

Which one of the statements concerning valence bond (VB) and molecular orbital (MO) bond theories is correct?

In making PNA a prospect for drugs, researchers have demonstrated proof of concept for using PNA oligomers to activated or suppress the transcription, replication, or repair of specific genes by binding DNA is various ways. PNA oligomers and conventional nucleic acids have the same problem of poor bioavailability because they are large water loving molecules making it difficult for them to enter cells. The productions of PNA based drugs awaits the development of suitable chemical modifications or pharmaceutical formulations to improve PNA bioavailability. Researchers believe this is the only thing holding back this medical breakthrough.

The first step in determining whether or not an individual was a taster or non-taster of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) was to obtain a sample of their DNA. Salt water was flushed in cheeks vigorously for 90 seconds and then the salt water was emptied back onto the 15-ml tube. The tube was centrifuged for 2 minutes to produce a pellet at the bottom of the tube. Then, the liquid was drained off of the top of the contents in the tube to leave only the pellet. Next, 15ml of Chelex was added to the tube containing the pellet.

Howlett, S. E. and Steiner, R. R. 2011. Validation of Thin Layer Chromatography with AccuTOF-DART™ Detection for Forensic Drug Analysis*. Forensic Sciences [e-journal] 56 (5), pp. 1261--1267. Available through: Anglia Ruskin University Library website http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk [Accessed on 11 March 2014].

Previously, the use of mass spectrometry has played an essential role in the identification of

DNA Fingerprinting, also known as DNA Profiling, is a method used to identify a person using DNA patterns that are specific to him/her. 99.9% of DNA is identical in every human being, but .01% is enough to distinguish between people. It is most commonly used in criminal cases to link a criminal to his/her crime scene, but is also used for paternity/maternity tests, and immigration records. Usually a skin, hair, or body fluid sample is collected from a crime scene or criminal or test candidate, then DNA is extracted and cut using enzymes that recognize patterns in DNA and run through a gel by an electric current in a process called electrophoresis (Annely).

Drug screening, which is generally used in criminal situations, health care and the workplace has recently become more common. The ease of use and fast results have increased the use of immunoassays; however, these can cause false positive results. This can lead to severe consequences if they are not confirmed by secondary analysis, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The drugs screened during this experiment were ketamine, methadone, diazepam, codeine and imipramine. This report discusses the use of thin layer chromatography as a drug screen technique. The results obtained from this are compared to the secondary analysis from GCMS which show that the drugs from the unknown sample were ketamine, methadone and codeine. The main techniques are examined to gain a better understanding of the methods used. Potential false positive and false negative results that can occur are also discussed.

drug reference standard is a standardized substance which is used as a measurement base for similar substances. Where the exact active substances of a new drug are not known, a reference standard provides a calibrated level of biological effects against which new preparations of the drug can be compared. drug reference solutions and patient education materials put the best available information into the hands of clinicians and patients. They supply critical information regarding dosage, efficacy, interactivity and allergies, even suggesting alternate therapies as appropriate. Drug reference Standards are highly characterized physical specimens used in testing by pharmaceutical and related industries to help ensure the identity, strength, quality,

The Nucleic acids are seen to be linear polymers which make chains of nucleotides. In such chains, each nucleotide is made up of three components which are discussed above. These structures are further subdivided into the nucleobases that is found in the two nucleic acids. These subdivisions include: adenine, cytosine, and guanine which are all found in both RNA and DNA molecules. In contrast,

Identifying the herbal material uses herbal material monographs in British pharmacopoeia. Guideline on herbal extracts is available in “Guidance on Equivalence of Herbal Extracts in Complementary Medicines” to clarify the quality standards (TGA, 2015).

By Using specific methods of compounds detection, we can match an unknown compound with a known compound because similar compounds will display similar characteristics. In this experiment, identifications of the unknown ketone was accomplished using thin layer chromatography, melting point, and NMR spectrometry. Thin layer chromatography is very quick but sensitive way of determining the components of a mixture or a specific compound from a list of knowns. This method is the one which was utilized in the

Phlomis Younghusbandii Mukerjee is a perennial herb (family Labiatae) and grows wildly in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. It has been widely used to treat colds, coughs, sores ulceration, rheumatoid arthritis, pneumonia, bronchitis and other diseases for thousands years. In this paper, 5 iridoid glycosides (sesamoside, shanzhiside methylester, 7, 8-dehydropenstemoside, penstemoside and 8-O-acetylshanzhiside methylester) and 3 phenylethanoid glycosides (acteoside, alyssonoside, and isoacteoside) in the four samples from different places were analyzed by HPLC. The acetic acid-induced writhing test, the hot plate test, the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, the xylene-induced ear swelling test, and the acetic acid-induced Evans blue leakage

Unlike modern medicine, herbal drugs can be adjusted according to the condition of each patient. The diagnostic approach depends on the tailored requirements according to the