Uterus and Hysterectomy

Therefore, the scope of information provided is limited to essential information directly related the purpose providing women facts about endometriosis. The facts are brief enough to what the health consumer can reasonably learn in the time allowed. The headings are clearly stated which makes the information provided on this pamphlet easy to follow and promotes learning and interaction among women. This information can aid women to understand about their diagnosis and empower them to make an informed decision. 1,2,2

Later on in life, the mother may have to have a hysterectomy, which is when doctors perform surgery to completely remove a woman’s uterus. If her uterus is removed, it will prevent her from having children naturally. If a hysterectomy is not needed, then the mother may experience miscarriages later on due to the complications from an abortion. These side effects may lead to many emotional effects for the mother and severe hemorrhaging may also occur right after the abortion or several months later due to the procedure

A hysterectomy can be a life-saving procedure for women who are having serious reproductive health issues. Dr. John Macey, MD performs this procedure and many others as part of his practice. If you live in Kentucky, Alabama, or the mid-central Tennessee area near Nashville, Dr. Macey encourages you to call his office for all of your OB/GYN needs. After a thorough examination, he’ll discuss any possible health issues  you may have and offer effective treatment options to help overcome them.

By the age of 50, eighty percent of black women have ultrasound detection of fibroids (Al-Hendy et al., 2013). African American women also suffer more severe symptoms, such as bleeding and pelvic pain compared to Caucasian women (Taylor et al., 2015). African American women represent the majority of cases involving uterine fibroids with the options of treatment including hysterectomy, myomectomy, uterine artery embolization and magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU). Hysterectomy is surgery for the removal of the uterus and is the most common way to treat uterine fibroids. Although hysterectomies are the typical way to treat uterine fibroids, it is also means losing the ability for a woman to bear children. Studies show that more African American women have hysterectomies as a result of uterine fibroids than any other race (Al-Hendy et al., 2013). Most women, including African American women do not prefer hysterectomy because it means a lengthy hospital stay, recovery time, as well as, not having the option to reproduce. Women prefer to save their uterus by finding other options available. Hysterectomy is usually projected as the only option available to treat uterine fibroids and many women have to seek second opinions in order to learn about the other options (Pron, 2015). When given a second opinion, only

Coming from a small, broken home, Mary always knew she wanted to have a large family of her own. Having an emergency hysterectomy at the age of 27, three children was all that Mary could have, not fulfilling her dream of a great, overbearing family. All of her three girls coming from a previous marriage, adoption was the only option for Mary and her new husband. Now, one mother faces the horrors of; attempted murder, mental disabilities and an agonizing lifetime commitment all because of international adoption.

Alternatively, endometriosis may affect fertility through the production of hormones and other substances that have a negative effect on ovulation, fertilization of the egg, and/or implantation of the embryo (Stoppler, 2011). The severity of your pain isn't necessarily a reliable indicator of the extent of the condition. Some women with mild endometriosis have extensive pain, while others with advanced endometriosis may have little pain or even no pain at all (Staff, 2010). Endometriosis is sometimes mistaken for other conditions that can cause pelvic pain, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or ovarian cysts. It may be confused with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a condition that causes bouts of diarrhea, constipation and abdominal cramping. IBS can accompany endometriosis, which can complicate the diagnosis (Staff, 2010).

Gender identity is the sense one has of being male or female. “Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people identify with a different gender than their birth gender” (Dickey, Budge, Katz-Wise & Garza, 2016, p. 275). Female to male individuals (FtM) want to have hysterectomies and salpingo-oophorectomies performed for different reasons. A hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes and ovaries) is not just desired for gender affirmation, but can serve other purposes as well. FtM can experience embarrassment or discomfort with routine gynecological pap smears and may find it more convenient to have surgery as preventative care. Studies show that in long term testosterone treatment FtM ovaries

According to National Women's Health Information Center (NWHIC), in the United States, approximately one-third of all hysterectomies are performed for uterine fibroid (Right Diagnosis, 2015). The 2nd most frequent condition that leads to hysterectomies is endometriosis

Dysmenorrhea is a reproductive disorder characterized by painful cramps during menstrual periods, and may contribute to pelvic pain seen in women of all ethnicity. This disorder begins from adolescence throughout child bearing age. Dysmenorrhea can be classified as primary or secondary depending on the severity of the symptoms, no known pathology has been attributed to primary dysmenorrhea, while secondary dysmenorrhea could be as result of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or endometriosis (Osayande & Mehnlic,

Since the hysterectomy is a surgical procedure, there are risks associated as well. Risks related to the surgical procedure are complications related to anesthesia, injury to the uterus, bladder, and or bowels, hemorrhage, infection, or formation of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (Durham and Chapman,

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is an infection of the female reproductive organs. PID occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria spread from the vagina to the fallopian tubes, ovaries, or the womb. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is a bacteria. https://www.gstatic.com/healthricherkp/pdf/pelvic_inflammatory_disease.pdf

Endometriosis lesions can affect the outside of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, vagina, cervix, bowel and lining of the pelvic cavity. The problem with these lesions is that they contain specialized cells just like the ones present inside the uterus, that are meant to shed during the menstrual cycle. During normal menstruation, the blood and cells leave the body via the vagina, but the blood and cells from the endometrial growths have no way to leave the body.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a serious chronic medical condition of the endocrine system that affects women, which can cause infertility in women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS have abnormal cysts in at least one of their ovaries which cause the eggs not to fully mature and be released during ovulation. The female reproductive organs are the uterus, ovary, and fallopian tubes. The ovary is located laterally left to uterus and inferior to the fallopian tubes. An ovary contains about two million follicles oocyte at birth. Majority will die off and few will matured throughout life cycle. The anterior pituitary gland secrete follicles stimulation hormones (FSH) in the blood, to mature oocyte in

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease can be a severe infection, which hurts a girl’s reproductive organs. PID is an infection caused by a bacteria or a virus.

Endometrial cells that shed during menstruation are transported through the fallopian tubes and enter the pelvis, attaching to pelvic structures. Cells can travel outside the pelvis through the lymphatic and blood vessels, during menstruation this tissue responds to hormonal changes and bleeding which can cause inflammation to the surrounding tissue. Inflammation can lead to fibrosis, and fibrosis leads to adhesions that can be painful. (docucare, 2017) Menorrhagia can occur with endometriosis because of the hormone build up caused by the thicken of the uterine wall. (Mayo Clinic 2017)