Utilising A Wide Range Of Sources Critically Evaluate And Discuss The Following Statement

Criminology is focused on the attempt to understand the meanings involved in social interaction. Theorists have tried to explain sociological behaviour by looking at the patterns created by individuals that commit crime. The August 2011 riots are pivotal in explaining criminological behaviour since official statistics show that 865 individuals were put in prison by the 9th September 2011 for offences related to the disorder between 6th and 9th August 2011. This is not to say that others were not involved, but that they have simply not been identified to date and may never be identified, however the evidence we do have about the recent riots gives us plenty to talk about. This essay will

In this essay, I will discuss what type of conduct I believe should be criminalised and why this is so. Because criminalisation stigmatizes individuals, it is something that we should be careful with. Being labelled as a murderer has a very high impact on one’s life, whether it is to find a job, a home or just to create relationships; people get blamed for being wrongdoers. Therefore, I believe that offensive conduct should not be criminalised, most of the time at least. The mere judgement of something to be “offensive” is subjective; who is to decide what is offensive and what is not? To criminalise harm done to others, I agree, as does mostly everyone else; it is very uncontroversial as a principle. Indeed, even though there is two views of the harm principle which I will discuss later on, intellectuals agree that this type of conduct should be prohibited. For what other types of conduct should be criminalised, I share Feinberg 's view that other principles never justify criminalization.

Chapter 2 allows readers to visualize and understand the concept of the most severe crimes to the least serious crimes. The chapter introduces the Uniform Crime Reports and the issues within the reports. Part one crimes include two subcategories: crimes against the person and crimes against property. Part two crimes are considered everything else that part one and two did not include. Historical trends made a difference and shift the crime rate of the Uniform Crime Reports. Furthermore, part one crimes discussed the different degrees and differences. Crimes are classified by the severity between a state’s guidelines and the Uniform Crime Reports ‘guidelines. For instance, the Uniform Crime Reports’ guidelines can consider an aggravated battery

#34) I think is better to not ignoring our stress. One of the major reasons of ignoring stress, is like putting a timing bomb in our body, we will have no idea when the bomb will explode. When the bomb explode, our body or mind might have already under stress for a long period of time and causing chronic diseases. Secondly, when we ignoring our stress, stress will stack up, it will not go away unless we find out a way to solve it. We should see each stress as a challenge or a test, instead of running away from it, we should find a way to either solve it or get used to it. By eliminating stress, it will help us grow, and be more mature on treating similar stress.

Criminal justice approach and public health approach are at best understanding violence coherently. They both share similarities and differences that complement each other’s. They viewed violence as a threat to human and share the main direction of protecting humans from violence and preventing violence. Moore (1995) created five dimensions to understand violence, namely, the problem, cause, intervention, resources, and key values.

Such is demonstrated in the resulting behaviours that society has adapted through the years. Whenever news are published, stories of murders, rapings, car accidents, political issues and overall aggression make an impact on its expectators. As a result of seeing all the bad in the world, people lose more and more trust in the people surrounding them, leading to seclusion that is approached as a way of protecting themselves against harm. It is common to hear parents warn their daughters of the dangers they are exposed to out on the streets, and as a precaution, they are also adviced to carry objects of protection with them. Pepper spray, key chains, emergency apps and self-defence techniques are all taught fom an early age to act as defence tools against possible harm when out alone.

Labelling theory has strengths and has influenced criminal justice policy, particularly regarding young offenders, recognising potentially toxic effects from court through to custody. Diversion is now policy for all but the most serious persistent youth offenders and this can be credited to the work in labelling. The CJS now targets those seen as “at risk of offending”, and cautioning and community sentences are implemented when possible. (Ministry of Justice 2015) Crime statistics (bar violent crime) had been declining since the 1990’s and this could be seen as testament to the theories validity but The Office for National(ONS) statistics show an increase in all crime which questions the current validity (ONS 2017) . Labelling theory perceives

After reading and assessing the critical thinking application, I feel that I cannot take a position with just the given information. The employer would need to address and prove that they would have made the same employment decision without using the discriminatory reason (Chambers, 2015). Validation would need to be provided to secure all claims made by Ms. Kate. Ms. Kate did recognize the differential of pay in relation to credentials translating into higher salaries. Job descriptions and actual job duties performed would need to be evaluated. Comparable worth would need to be obtained and proven by Ms. Kate. One must consider a substantial portion of the wage gap can be attributed to non-gender differences between male and female workers,

Furthermore, risk operates as a “governmental strategy of regulatory power by which populations and individuals are monitored and managed” (Lupton, 2013, p.87). The CLPS is at the top of monitoring and managing offenders. In fact, it is the CLPS that establishes the measures and the criminal law policies that are the foundation of managing offenders. The policies they make are in response to the type of research, statistics and other required information collected by various practitioners and professionals in relation to risk. In determining the various risk factors, they are able to make smarter decisions in how to manage the offender population and those who might reoffend. Lupton (2013) explains that certain populations and social groups

Criminology as a field studies a wide range of concepts that all have far-reaching and substantial impacts on the way that our society functions. One of the furthest reaching realities, in terms of its social, economic and political impacts, that criminology studies is sentencing. The research on sentencing ranges from its history, to the effects it has on the offender’s family and community. Sentencing length and severity, which not only have a large effect, but also are affected by many things has been and continues to be a topic of great debate and as a result research. Due to the observation that there are large disparities in sentencing length and severity discussions were started which brought into question the fairness

Radical criminological theory argues that young, unemployed, working class males are over represented in official statistics and this is what has led to the belief that they are the most likely ‘villains’, as set by law and order systems. If official statistics actually looked deeper in to society, they would acknowledge that there are different types of crimes being commited and the campaign given by ‘law and order’ which suggests

In Violence (1998), C.A.J. Coady introduces the concept of violence as one that has been marked with confusion due to “lack of clarity about its meaning and about the moral status it should have in our development of public policy” (p. 1). He argues that it would be preferable to adopt a “restricted” definition of violence. To support this, he considers two popular views about violence and claims that both: 1. Have counterintuitive consequences and/or do not reflect ordinary language usage, and 2. Lack the ability to aid in practical decisions. He then argues that a restricted definition of violence would score higher on these considerations and consequently (given the lack of negative upshots) be preferable to either of the popular accounts.

The ‘risk society’ has created a ‘risk awareness’ in the Criminal Justice System. Professionals have become anxious of the hazards presented by ‘modernisation’, new innovative strategies to deal with the risks, and technological advances. These developments have caused uncertainty, creating further risks and a collective vulnerability to ‘risk awareness’ (Giddens, 1991). This assignment will critically analyse the way in which society’s preoccupation with risk, influences the way in which the probation service and police work.

To claim that crime is increasing or decreasing in New Zealand is a statement with various inbuilt assumptions. Crime is not a simple notion to define, nor is it easy to measure. This essay will perform a comparative analysis between ‘Official Crime Statistics’ and unofficial measures, highlighting that both methods are limited in reflecting the true nature and scope of crime, as the notion of crime is contested.

The importance given to certain crimes in the daily newspapers and other media sources shows us proof to the fact that crime is a topic that has the public’s interest and is a focus of their worries (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2001). It goes on to discuss the fact that crime as reported on by the media increases the public’s levels of fears and that there is little or no correlation to actual levels of violent crime in our society today.