Utility Models Case Study

The amount of patent filings for scientific and technological innovations is a relevant category in regards to producing the superpower index. The reason for this is because it is indicative of quaternary sector employment, which generally equates to higher income due to the high standard of research that can be gathered and then sold on to other countries at a high price. Additionally, a large number of patents enables a country to become dominant sellers of a product, therefore allowing them to be the main exporter, increasing the country’s cultural influence; this also allows a country to gain a large profit. The factor of population is significant here, as a large population may result in a large number of researchers, and therefore a large number of entrepreneurs, contributing to a countrys’ influence on global markets. The figure shows that the USA has the highest ranking in regards to this factor, highlighting its superpower status as the country has 391,000 patents and innovations compared to the lowest ranked country of Brazil, which only has 4,750.

It is intended both to provide thumbnail descriptions of the various intellectual property regimes to economists working in this area and to indicate where additional economic research might be useful. The other papers in this symposium provide important examples of ongoing research on the economics of intellectual property. Suzanne Scotchmer analyzes the complex effects of patent protection when innovation is cumulative. Rather than analyzing situations in which several firms vie to develop the same innovation-the approach of the "patent race" literature-her analysis examines circumstances in which only one firm can develop an initial innovation but others can also build upon it. She focuses on how the incentive to develop both the initial and subsequent inventions may be affected by the scope of patent protection. Janusz Ordover considers ways of adjusting the patent system that may help to both provide returns to the inventor, and encourage the diffusion of the innovation in the economy. His paper is part of a line of work that explores the place of the intellectual property system among the large number of institutions that affect the amount and nature of research and development that takes place. In the final paper, David

These intellectual properties included patents and trademarks. Unfortunately, nations are still struggling to adopt a consistent international legal system that governs the intellectual property. They often have restrictions which includes geographical/and field use limitations and customer restriction. The Paris Convention is a guarantee that in each signatory country, foreign trademark and patent application from other signatory countries will receive the same treatment. According to United States Patent and Trademark Offices (2009) a patent for an invention is the grant of a property right to the inventor. There were problems and drawbacks with this particular agreement so in 1970 the patent cooperation Treaty was adopted. This particular agreement addresses the centralized utility patent application process (Schaffer, Agusti, & Earle, 2009). A trademark is a word, phrase, symbol or design, or a combination of words, phrases, symbols or designs, that identifies and distinguishes the source of the goods of one party from those of others United States Patent and Trademark (2009). Riordan Manufacturing makes plastic products in the United States and decided to move the plant that makes Pontiac products to China. This was a way to produce goods cheaper than in the United States and enter the market international. When making this move into the international market Riordan Manufacturing has trademarks on their plastic bottles and other plastic products

From a rule utilitarian point of view, from a macroeconomic perspective, granting software patents by giving the exclusive right to sell, use,

I recently had the opportunity to do just that. As part of my PPR, one of my goals was to attend 20 hours of environmental safety courses. During the courses I had learned of several methods used to prevent pollution. One of the discussions centered on a list with subcomponents outlining ways that employees could help to improve the environment and his or her role in preventing pollution.

hypothesize that among the situational factors predisposing the Smith family toward showing pronounced psychological identification with the San Francisco Giants is the fact that the Smiths make their domicile in the San Francisco area. In the absence of contrariwise considerations, the Smiths’ attitudinal preferences would in this respect interface with earlier behavioral studies. These studies, within acceptable parameters, correlate the fan’s domicile with athletic allegiance. Yet it would be counterproductive to establish domicility as the sole determining factor for the Smiths’ preference. Certain stoichiometric studies of the Smiths disclose a factor of a typicality,

President Obama needs to return to the issues encompassing the prisoners held in Guantanamo. In 2014, the President exchanged five senior Taliban authorities held at Guantanamo for a US wartime captive (Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl) President Obama is not persuaded the staying 150 or more prisoners ought to be retained and attempted as war offenders in Guantanamo. The feeling of the Congress uncovers US administrators don't need the remaining prisoners to be exchanged to US jails or to be turned free in the United States. Nearby political weights and general sentiment, prodded by the media, did not permit the prisoners to be moved to the US and attempted in the President's first term.

The Rational Choice model, developed originally by Anthony Downs, suggests that most voters do not strongly identify with political parties. By providing a model that places voters and each party candidate on a scale ranging from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, rational choice allows for the understanding of a person’s decision to vote. As Dr. Daron Shaw argues, by using “proximity voting” or “directional voting,” we can understand how voters decide how to vote by analyzing several relevant factors influencing their support for a specific party candidate. However, criticisms on the rational choice model are apparent in that it assumes a high level of knowledge, a “single dimension” in “political competition,” and incorrect prediction

According to the lesson this week, Principle of Utility points that “to the desire for good choices and the connection to the community rather than to the individual”, which means in this type of dilemma, I think the final decision that the police had to make in order to save the hostage and the guerrillas is ethical and reasonable (Week 5 Lesson). The police's main purpose is to save the Israeli hostage as well as the majority of guerrillas. They did try everything they could without harming anyone, but unfortunelaly the plan didn't success. The police now faced with the decision either kill the guerrillas leader or let the hostage and many other innocents die. He did apply Principle of Utility and the end based theory by making a decision

Patent is conducted by a process called patenting, which is a part of Intellectual property (IP) protection. Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind and human intellect. (Anon., 2016)

Instead of investing money into further research and development, companies and individuals are forced to spend the money on defending lawsuits and buying up patents in order to protect themselves from the Patent Trolls. According to Robin Feldman, Professor of Law at the University of California Hastings, unjust patent litigation has an enormous emotional impact on the defendants which are forced to participate in a broken patent system by the NPEs desire, and unmitigated ability, to sue for profit. It's simply extortion, except instead of offering protection from other goons, NPEs offer protection from the government which was supposed to stop them in the first place. The patent law is being used as a tool for legalized

Patents cover new inventions such as process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement to an existing invention . Patents represent a contract between an inventor and society. By granting 20 years market exclusivity, patents create the potential for inventors to generate high monetary returns on their successful innovations and discoveries. In exchange, the inventor provides a complete

The next reasons humans are the main cause of technology being limited is because we don’t collaborate with other companies well. In today’s society large companies will not collaborate because every company wants to be ahead of the other. Large companies will do anything to make their name bigger than other companies. The only way to get two companies to collaborate is if one company has a patent that needs to be used for another company. For example, Samsung has been using a type of glass that is flexible and very hard to crack. Apple couldn’t just copy what Samsung did, they had to purchase phones displays directly from apple.

Decisions! Decisions! Decisions! How do you make decisions? Have you ever asked yourself, “How did I make that decision?” Whether big or small, important or not so important, decision making is a process. Some people way the pros and cons while others may just flip a coin. Are decisions based on feelings, outcomes or information? Often times if we just go with our gut feeling will be miss out on important information that should be included in our decision.

     Throughout this paper, the values of the Six Thinking Hats will be discussed and the meanings behind the Six Hats. Six Thinking Hats’ is “used to look at decisions from a number of important perspectives. This forces you to move outside your habitual thinking style, and helps you to get a more rounded view of a situation (de Bono, 1985)”. There are five values behind the Six Thinking Hats. They are role-playing, attention direction, convenience, possible basis in brain chemistry, and rules of the game. Decision-making can be difficult, but these are decisions that are made after all the information has been provided beforehand.