V. Issues Regarding The Public Key

Encryption technique is the translation of data into a secret code that will prevent hackers or identity thieves from being able to break or read the data that is sent across the network.

An encryption algorithm takes the original message and encodes it using the encryption key and creates an encrypted message. The only way to retrieve the original message is by decrypting the message using the encryption key. If the encryption key uses a 128-bit key is the same as saying that there are 128² possible key combinations. Algorithms are classified

To understand encryption, you must place yourself into the internet of the 90’s. At the time the internet was still new, all the data could be seen and accessed easily.The problem was that anyone could access your information and read it. This was a major issue because at that time, internet privacy was almost impossible.

Encryption converts data from a readable form to unintelligible text. Only authorized users are able to convert the data back into a readable format. (Sayles & Trawick,

* Encryption prevents third parties from recovering the original information, which cannot be recovered without access to the key.

Encryption is one of the most important technologies of cybersecurity designed to protect the confidentiality of data. Encryption uses a complex mathematical formula and a key which randomizes and creates a coded or encrypted message. Only the party that the message or data is originally intended for can read in plain text by using the appropriate key to decrypt the data. Some encryption algorithms such as AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) are very complex

We can say that the weakness of the keys and the process of incorrect use, as well as erroneous implementation cannot be considered as a unique case because it represents a common risk for each encryption algorithms [21].

Encryption is a process of converting Plain text into Cipher text. This un-readable message can be communicated over an unsecure network without the fear of loss of integrity and confidentiality. Encryption process is done using encryption algorithm.

and only if there are as many possible keys as possible plaintexts, and if every key is

The disadvantages of the system is, Existing semantically secure PEKS schemes take search time linear with the total number of all cipher texts. This makes retrieval from large-scale databases prohibitive. Therefore,

Symmetric-key ciphers continuous use the same key for encrypting and decrypting a message or file, it's faster than asymmetric encryption. Asymmetric cryptography, also known as "public-key cryptography" uses two different mathematically linked keys, one public and one private. The public key can be shared with everyone, but the private key must be kept secret. The length of the key determines the number of possible keys, and hence the feasibility of this type of attack. Encryption strength is directly tied to key size, but as the key size increases so too do the resources required to perform the

Public key infrastructures (PKIs) are necessary to help ascertain the identity of different people, devices, and services. In a nutshell, PKIs go way beyond the use of user IDs and passwords, employing cryptographic technologies such as digital signatures and digital certificates to create unique credentials that can be validated beyond reasonable doubt and on a mass scale ("What is pki?" n.d., p. 1).

Another risk is data breaches. With large amounts of data spread over various data silos, the security for each not well managed, the opportunities for data breeches are

Recent breaches of Personal Identifiable Information (PII) highlight the failure of technical mitigation to prevent external threats. Whenever you send personal information across the internet, be it passwords, credit card information or personal contact details, encryption stops others from seeing what you are doing. Data is jumbled up in a manner so that when it travels through the internet it is completely unreadable, this stops hackers who may intercept the data from seeing what you’re doing. Cryptography is the process which meres words with letter, numbers and images to be viewed by the public, while not revealing the meaning of the message. Once a message has been encrypted it is secure to transmit or to remain at rest. The

Key agreement schemes are message-driven and allow communicating parties to come to agreement on a common shared key by contributing equally to its generation. Key agreement may involve two parties or more. Two-party key agreement and conference key agreement have to be dealt with separately and are discussed by Boyd in 1997. Diffie-Hellman [3] key exchange is for one-to-one communication key agreement. A large number of two party key agreement protocols have been discussed in the literature. The technical merits and security vulnerabilities of these protocols are discussed resulting in improved protocols.