Vaccines : Vaccines Are Defined By Vaccines Essay

Over many of years the world has faced problems concerning health. Many scientists and health experts have worked together to better our nation 's health care. English Physician and Scientist Edward Jenner, a small country doctor, who is well known around the world for his innovative contribution to immunization and the ultimate eradication of smallpox. (2005, Baylor University Medical Center.) It is believed that smallpox appeared around 10,000 B.C. Smallpox was introduced to Europe sometime between the fifth and seventh centuries and was frequently epidemic during the Middle Ages. Edward Jenner was born on May 17, 1749, in Berkeley, Gloucestershire. During his early school years, Edward developed a strong interest in science and nature that continued throughout his life. Jenner’s interest in natural history and animal biology sharpened his medical understanding of the role of human-animal trans-species boundaries in disease transmission. He experienced the proverbial “Eureka”-like moment sometime during the 1770s. At age 13 he was apprenticed to a country surgeon and apothecary in Sodbury, near Bistol. The record shows that it was there Jenner heard a dairymaid say, " I shall never have smallpox for I have had cowpox. I shall never have an ugly pockmarked face." While Jenner 's interest in the effects of cowpox began during his apprenticeshire with George Harwickle, it wasn 't until 1796 before he made the first step in a long process of smallpox would be exposed. Jenner

Edward Jenner and the Discovery of Vaccines Edward Jenner (1749-1823) trained in London, under John Hunter, and was an army surgeon for a period of time. After that, he spent his whole career as a country doctor in his home county, Gloucestershire (West of England). His research was based on careful case studies and clinical observation more than a hundred years before scientists could explain what viruses and diseases actually were. His innovative new method was successful to such an extent that by 1840 the British government had banned alternative preventive treatments against smallpox. [IMAGE]

However, Jenner’s invention became a common practice only a few years after he released it to the public, and according to The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia, “By 1890 smallpox had virtually been eradicated from Britain.” (“Jenner, Edward (1749-1823)”) From the information about the first vaccination, we can see that vaccinations have been proven to eliminate deadly diseases, whether they receive opposition or not. Without immunizations, we would be overcome with diseases, such as smallpox, polio, and measles.

Through the rise of technological advances in medicine, the vaccine has changed the world for the greater good of the human race. Making a great triumph and virtually eliminating an array of life-threatening diseases, from smallpox to diphtheria, thus adding approximately thirty years to many humans’ life spans. Although, a new complication has arisen, possibly linking neurological digression with this rise of new vaccines. Such a digression has forced parents to exempt their children from receiving vaccinations and brought forth mental anguish affecting the minds of many.

Illnesses and diseases continue to develop and spread constantly throughout the world. These harmful viruses have always had a huge impact on humanity. Viruses caused many deaths and outbreaks in the past and present because viruses can be passed on easily. Luckily today there is a way to prevent the spread of these viruses, which is vaccines. Vaccines are used to provide immunity against diseases. Once vaccines were introduced there were a lot of speculations and assumptions. There are many people who are for and against vaccines, but today there are many health professional, experts, doctors, and parents who believe that vaccination is a lifesaver. Vaccination is a controversial topic for many parents and guardians of children. Vaccines

A vaccine is a weakened pathogen (bacteria) that is usually injected through a syringe into the blood to help your immune system recognize that disease and know how to fight it if you ever come in contact. Many fatal diseases that are being spread around the world because some people believe that these vaccines are risky. Many doctors and pediatricians believe that we should have all children immunized, because it would help tremendously by lowering the growing death rates and possibly eradicating these diseases in the future. Children should be vaccinated so diseases such as Polio, Ebola, and Measles can be controlled more effectively.

Throughout history, smallpox has been one of the dreaded scourges that inflicted mankind. World Health Organization (WHO) stated that smallpox is responsible for the 300 million death cases worldwide in the twentieth century. (Fenner, Henderson, Arita, Jezek , & Ladnyi, 1988) (Plotkin, 2004) It was only after Dr Edward Jenner’s development on the principle of vaccination that provided the only accurate technique for the prevention of smallpox. The introduction of vaccinia vaccine enabled the global eradication of naturally occurring smallpox in 1970, it is recorded that the last known smallpox case recorded was in Somalia after the eradication. (Rappuoli, Miller, & Falkow, 2002) Jenner’s procedure has been a highly effective immunizing agent, however, it seemed that it isn’t a successful fighter to disease because it carries high incidence of adverse side effects and severe complications. (Madigan, Martinko, Stahl , & Clark, 2012)This

Edward Jenner, as a medical student, noticed that milkmaids who had cowpox, blistering on a cow’s udder, did not get smallpox. On May fourteenth, 1796, Jenner took fluid from a cowpox blister and scratched it into an eight year old boy named James Phipps (Jenner Tests Smallpox Vaccine). A blister appeared where Phipps was scratched, but soon went away. Phipps was inoculated again on July first of the same year, except with smallpox the following time. The boy did not develop smallpox, leaving the vaccine a

Edward Jenner, the British doctor who developed the first vaccine, made vaccines acceptable around the world, made the eradication of smallpox possible, and assisted in the discovery of the disease agent known as the virus (Porter 272; Youngerman 17). One day in May 1796 met a dairymaid named Sarah Nelmes, who had a smallpox lesion on her hand (King 3). He used the matter from her lesion to inoculate an eight-year-old boy named James Phipps, leaving with a mild reaction for only nine days (King 3). Later, Jenner inoculated James again, but this time with smallpox matter: “No disease developed, and protection was complete” (King 3).The benefits of Jenner’s vaccine were immeasurable: a vaccinated person was incapable of spreading the disease, rashes were extremely rare, and death was considered to be in the “rarest of circumstances” (Greenspan 9). Getting the Jenner’s results published was no piece of cake. The prestigious Royal Society even informed him that he should not “promulgate such a wild idea if he valued his reputation” (Greenspan 9). However, later Jenner received many honors and worldwide recognition for his efforts, but he was so zealous in his works that his private life severely suffered (King 4-5). President Thomas Jefferson wrote the following letter to Jenner in

I wish to explain some common misconceptions involving vaccines moreover, provide some information as to why everyone should be properly vaccinated as it is my personal opinion that they’re an indispensable medical practice. Not only have vaccines greatly improved medical technology, but also the overall health of citizens, and have almost prevented some very lethal diseases from killing the population.

The concept of vaccines, basically exposure to a disease to trick the body into forming immunity, has been controversial from its beginnings. The history of vaccines began in 1796 with Edward Jenner, a doctor from England, who performed the first immunization (Alexandra, Markel, 2005). Edward Jenner showed that a certain level of immunity could be accomplished by dosing patients with cowpox, which is a close relative of smallpox (Alexandra, Markel, 2005). He then tried, without success, to infect that same

disease to occur with numerous antigens entering the body at once and that their child will not be able to properly metabolize and excrete the mercury from their body.

[Attention-Getter and Pathos] Think of all of the diseases that once were; Smallpox, Rubella, Polio, and Mumps we do not really think about those diseases anymore because we do not have to worry about them. But do we ever take the time to pause for a moment in our fast lives and think, think of all of the people who died from these diseases, think of all of the people who lost family and friends, and think of the privilege that we live with- that we do not have to deal with these diseases anymore. This privilege is from one thing alone; vaccines.

The Center for Disease Control describes vaccines as the greatest development in public health since clean drinking water. For several decades, vaccines have saved countless lives and helped eradicate some fatal diseases. The push to do away with vaccines will not only endanger our youth, but our society as a whole. Vaccination is needed to maintain a healthy balance within our country. Vaccines provide the immunity that comes from a natural infection without the consequences of a natural infection. Vaccinations save an ever-growing amount of lives every year. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimated that 732,000 American children were saved from death and 322 million cases of childhood illnesses were prevented between 1994 and 2014 due to vaccination (“Vaccine ProCon”).

The introduction of new vaccines is usually planned at national level by the national immunization program managers. These managers are assisted by medical consultants to make informed decisions on how they can add a new vaccine to an existing program. Such new vaccines are introduced to strengthen the existing program while the program is used to accommodate more vaccine; thus, cost is reduced. Therefore, there is a need to have a decision making procedure that will act as a technical tool for planning, implementing and monitoring the introduction of new vaccines.