Validity And Validity In Pharmacy

Largely, the entire test proved thought provoking as this was a subjective test. Meaning everyone's values are not the same, everyone is not driven by the same motives. This could be problematic in obtaining valid results. It has given this writer cause to carefully examine assessments that are being administered clients. Reliability and validity have a great importance in how counselor should utilize assessments and can assist in finding appropriate instruments in order to be more effective with clients.

Per the assignment instructions, this paper will present the prospective study’s guiding theoretical perspective along with its corresponding propositions and concepts followed by a brief discussion of potential extant instruments capable of capturing these dimensions. Next, a review of examples of operationalization methods used to construct variables from those items in prior research will precede the unveiling of research questions and hypotheses intended for the exploration of the theory. Lastly, survey items adapted from substantiated scales will be presented at the conclusion of this paper. To assist in the navigation of the paper and

Dependability shows that the study findings are consistent, do not change over time and are able to be repeated. Conformability relates to the degree in which the findings are shaped by the respondents and not by the researcher’s bias (Cohen & Crabtree,

Using criterion-related validity, we can get a glimpse into the relationship between test scores and outcomes.

367, 2012). This particular validity is important when it comes to legal defensibility. Construct validity explains how what is being studied matches the actual measure. Criterion validity answers the question of whether a test reflects a certain set of abilities. One way to assess criterion validity is to compare it to a known standard. A reference is needed to determine an instrument’s criterion-related validity. Criterion-related validity predicts the future. If a nursing program designed a measure to assess student learning throughout the program, a test such as the NCLEX would measure student’s ability in this discipline. If the instrument produces the same result as the superior test the instrument has a high criterion-related validity. The higher the results the more faith stakeholders will have in the assessment tool. “A criterion-related validity study is conducted by statistically correlating scores with some measure of job performance” (Biddle, p.308, 2010). Criterion-related validity is most important when it comes to predicting performance in a specific job, and predicting future

Predictive validity is established when the scores from a measurement procedure generate accurate predictions about the construct it has been designed to measure. (e.g., intelligence, achievement, burnout, etc.). In a predictive validation

Measurement validity can be described as ensuring the experiment measures the desired variable rather than accidentally measuring some other variable. Measurement validity consists of several aspects such as: face validity, criterion validity, and construct validity. If an experiment has strong face validity, it would mean that on a surface level, or at face value, it appears as if it would measure the intended variable. For an experiment to have strong construct validity, would mean that a

Polit and Beck (2012) define validity as “a quality criterion referring to the degree to which inferences made in a study are accurate and well-founded; in measurement, the degree to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure” (p. 745).

In order to explore our research question we must first identify and define the relevant constructs, in doing so we will also identify psychological measures and determine the validity of the constructs.

In this study the following measures have been used to reduce the threat to internal validity. Table 4.2 presents the ways in which these threats have been addressed in this study.

Construct Validity is used to ensure that the measure is actually measuringwhat it is intended to measure, and no other variables. Using a panel of “experts” familiar with the construct is a way in which this type of validity can be assessed. The experts can examine the items and decide what that specific item is intended to measure. The executive managers can be involved in this process to obtain their

For that reason, it has been debated that in order for an instrument to be practical, it must have identifiable and theoretically solid underpinnings. It is probable that an instrument may have strong psychometric properties, yet lack adequate theoretical underpinnings. Also, a HRQOL instrument may correlate well with a functioning instrument; however, given that this is different construct of HRQOL, it does not provide evidence the instrument is actually measuring HRQOL. Therefore a HRQOL instrument is considered theoretically strong if the instrument rests on a clear and operational definition of HRQOL,

Per the assignment instructions, this paper will present the prospective study’s guiding theoretical perspective along with its corresponding propositions and concepts followed by a brief discussion of potential extant instruments capable of capturing these dimensions. Next, a review of examples of operationalization methods used to construct variables from those items in prior research will precede the unveiling of research questions and hypotheses intended for the exploration of the theory. Lastly, survey items adapted from substantiated scales will be presented at the conclusion of this paper.

Internal validity measures what it intends to measure or, more generally, if it examines what it sets out to examine. In effect, a valid study gives real answers to the research questions and provides a real test of the hypotheses. According to Aken, Berends, and Bij (2007), “Internal validity concerns conclusions about the relationship between phenomena. The results of a study are internally valid when conclusions about relationships are justified and complete. Classical methodology has particularly focused on the adequacy of conclusions about causal relationships. A conclusion about a causal relationship is internally valid, when there are good reasons to assume that the proposed relationship is adequate.”

Construct validity refers to the degree to which the items on an instrument relate to the relevant theoretical construct (Kane 2001; DeVon 2007). Construct validity is a