Valuation Reflection

Valuations depend on forecasts. The reliability of the forecasts will then depend heavily on complete analysis of the industry, in addition to the evolving changes in the economy. It also requires understanding of the business and financial characteristic of the industry.

Investors often come to believe that a stock is undervalued or overvalued compared to other stocks in its industrial group. To calculate an alternate target price for the current and next fiscal year based on those beliefs, investors can apply the average PE multiple for a company 's industrial group to the average professional analyst 's earnings estimate for the company in those periods. Valuation using the industry 's

The real estate division was estimated to have a fair value of $13,890,000. This was determined by totaling the number of lots expected to sell within the next four years and multiplying it by the price per lot of $180,000. After determining total lot sales, a 20% discount rate was applied as suggested by current market conditions. Given the unique nature of the real estate development, it is not believed that there are any comparable developments to find a market multiple.

Several internal factors can influence the valuation of a company, however, in the subsequent are some factors that will assist management in protecting its shareholders. The first reason is the desire to generate profits for the company, as a profitable firm will attract investors. Secondly, the need to improve the management of a company can lead to valuation as the information can be used to spur growth. Valuation will assist in understanding some of the factors affecting the value of the company such as client relationships, financials, image, technology employees, and marketing. Proper management is implemented after identifying the issues affecting the organization’s value. Thirdly, communicating to the public accurate and current information is essential in attracting investors and maintaining transparency, which builds the company image.

It is important to know the proper technique and method of valuing a company because different people may have different ways of assessing the value; it is also important in understanding the bank’s method of appraising and valuing a company or business

2) Converting these market values into standardized values. This process of standardizing creates valuation multiples.

Correct valuation of real assets can present challenges to financial analysts. Different models can be used to arrive at the closest estimate of value and yet certain issues will always arise.

I have been asked to determine the fair market value of Branson Trucking Company as of December 31, 2007 for the purpose of determine your share in the business.

Solutions to Valuation Questions 1. Assume you expect a company’s net income to remain stable at $1,100 for all future years, and you expect all earnings to be distributed to stockholders at the end of each year, so that common equity also remains stable for all future years (assumes clean surplus). Also, assume the company’s β = 1.5, the market risk premium is 4% and the 20-30 year yield on risk free treasury bonds is 5%. Finally, assume the company has 1,000 shares of common stock outstanding. a. Use the CAPM to estimate the company’s equity cost of capital. • re = RF + β * (RM – RF) = 0.05 + 1.5 * 0.04 = 11% b. Compute the expected net distributions to stockholders for each future year. • D = NI – ΔCE = $1,100 – 0 = $1,100 c. Use the

Most rely on valuation heuristics involving P/E, PEG, and price-to-sales . The simplicity of using heuristic triggers dependence on valuation heuristics as an alternative for the fundamental valuation. P/E, PEG, and price-to-sales need few variables and use simple formulas. Therefore , the estimates are rather perceptive THUS subject to bias. The cause of these biases arise from weak assumption made towards P/E, PEG, and price-to-sales inputs.

Whisenand, P. M., & McCain, J. K. (2014). Managing Police Organizations. In P. M.Whisenand, & J. K. McCain, Managing Police Organizations (p. 33). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

There have been many topics that we have covered in class that have opened my eyes to how behavioral economics play a role and are seen in everyday life. I really enjoy examining these topics that we learn in class and when reading. Last nights reading of Kahneman had me thinking of a particular topic of outcome bias and how that impacts our illusion of understanding. Kahneman defines outcome bias as give too little of credit to the decision maker when he makes a decision with a good outcome and blames the decision maker when he made a good decision with a bad outcome. This had me thinking of a particular instance two weeks ago when the Twins were playing the Yankees in the wild card game. Paul Molitor, the Twins manager chose to keep the pitcher in the following inning after giving up a couple runs in the prior inning. The pitcher the following inning gave up another run or two giving the Yankees the lead. The next day driving to class, I was listening to KFAN the sports radio and they were saying how this decision cost the Twins the game and should cost Molitor his job next year. When I heard this I was very surprised, not being a Twins fan I thought that they would be glad with the turn around the team made this year, having been one of the worst teams in the MLB. When I was reading last night and I came across outcome bias, I immediately went back to this moment and it was clear that the talk show radio announcers had participated in outcome bias. Even though

3. How are multi-currency cash flows, currency risk and political risk being taken into account in our valuation model?

I. Introduction of company valuation methods and process........................................................3 1. Abstract................................................................................................................................3 2. Valuation methods...............................................................................................................3 2.1 Balance sheets – Based methods

The National Bank of Greece, Deutsche Bank, and YF Securities all provided different offers for the purchase of major or controlling interests in Finansbank Turkish operations, which they derived using different valuation methodologies. A comparison of these valuation methodologies, insofar as they can be ascertained from published literature and other sources, provides an understanding of the appropriateness and influence of different financial considerations on overall valuations as seen from varying perspectives. A comparison of the three methodologies employed by the three competing institutions is provided in the following paragraphs.