Valuing of Coca Cola Stock and Analysis
Andrew Burgoyne, James Desimone, Bailey Fowble,
Hewei Huang, Ryan Leist, Maria Sandoval University of South Florida
FIN 4414
Abstract
Taking the role as Jessie Jones, we will analyze whether to recommend the Coca Cola stock to potential clients or current clients that do not have it in their portfolio. By using the Capital Asset Price Model (CAPM), Dividends Discount Model (DDM) and the Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio we will come to a conclusion.
Background
The Coca Cola Company, which is based out of Atlanta, Georgia, is a leader in the global soft drink market. It owns subsidiaries in over 195 countries around the world but has always remained local. According to the most recent
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The market rate of return for 1996 was 22.96%, however we averaged the previous 5 years to get a better picture of the market rate of return. This averaging put the rate of return 15.91% which is more manageable than 22.96%. We also assumed that the dividend growth rate was 12% and that the shares of Coca-Cola were trading at $58 per share at the time.
Capital Asset Pricing Model
The Capital Asset Pricing Model or CAPM is one of the most popular methods for estimating an equity investor’s required return by finding the discount rate. From the information provided in the case, we were informed that the current government bond yields were 5.09% on 90-day treasury bills, 5.79% on 5-year bonds, 5.91% on 10-year bonds and 6.22% on 30-year bonds. We were also given that by definition the market had a β of 1.0, less risky stocks have β < 1.0 and more risky stocks have β > 1.0. Lastly, we were told that Jessie noted that the historical market risk premium (Rm – Rf) was in the 6% range. The equation used to approximate the investor's required rate of return is: r = Rf+ β (Rm-Rf)
Rf represents the risk-free return, which U.S Treasury bills are usually the proxy used. β represents the beta, which is used to measure risk associated with stocks: The adjusted β of 1.24 was used because it takes into consideration an estimation of future β’s rather than just historical which is what the raw β is based on.
Rm represents
The Coca Cola Company is an American beverage corporation, manufacturer, retailer and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, which is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.
4) Using the stock price and return data in Exhibits 5 and 6, estimate the CAPM beta
Here we choose VW NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ data as market returns, because it’s value weighted and more reliable. The results show CSC’s equity beta = 2.27, QRG’s equity beta = 1.79.
Woolworths Limited (WOW), which is one of the listed companies in Australian Security Exchange (ASX) (ASX 200), is the largest supermarket in Australia (Kruger 2013), it specializes in the groceries, food and retailing (WOOLWORTHS LIMITED (WOW) 2013). The aim of this report is to estimate and determine the dividend growth rate, stock return and current share price of Woolworths. Methods used for the estimation include dividend growth model, Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Gordon’s Growth Model. The results of the estimation indicate that the dividend payments will continuous increasing in the future, the return on the company’s assets is reasonable and its share price is
Given these approximations, the CAPM model would total the risk-free rate and the market risk premium times beta to arrive at a cost of equity of 9.68%, which reflects the investors’ expected return from investing in shares of the company.
CAPM is a model that describes the relationship between risk and expected return, and the formula itself measures the expected return of the portfolio. Mathematically, when beta is higher, meaning the portfolio has more systematic risk (in comparison to the market portfolio), the formula yields a higher expected return for the portfolio (since it is multiplied by the risk premium and is added to the risk free interest rate). This makes sense because the portfolio needs to
Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines throughout the world. It is produced by The Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman As a Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century.
Utilizing the fundamental concepts of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the expected return for Wal-Mart stock is 7.01% [E(R)]. This is a result of a risk-free rate (Rf) of 3.68%, which was the provided 10-year government bond yield to use as a proxy for the risk-free rate. The beta (β ) of Wal-Mart was 0.66 according to the provided Bloomberg beta estimate. Additional data was provided on the U.S. market risk premium [E(RM) – Rf] of 5.05%. In following the general concepts of CAPM, there are some general assumptions: no transaction costs, all assets are publicly traded,
Coca cola is one of the largest multinational soft drink companies in the world. It does its production in Cambodia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal and many other countries. The functional area is two type. They are internal and external.
CAPM results can be compared to the best expected rate of return that investor can possibly earn in other investments with similar risks, which is the cost of capital. Under the CAPM, the market portfolio is a well-diversified, efficient portfolio representing the non-diversifiable risk in the economy. Therefore, investments have similar risk if they have the same sensitivity to market risk, as measured by their beta with the market portfolio.
Please refer to Appendix 2 for other considerations for cost of equity calculations. Most firms use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to determine the cost of equity. The components that make up the CAPM include: the risk free rate, the beta of the security, and the expected market return of the stock. These values are all based on forward-looking data. The model dictates that shareholders require a return equal to the return from a risk-free investment plus an equity risk premium for bearing extra risk. Refer to Appendix 1 for a full breakdown of the CAPM formula.
Of these 6 comparable companies, 3 of them are kitchen and bath companies and the rest 3 deals with engines and generators. Hence an average of the asset beta has been taken for these two sub groups which represent different business segments. Finally to arrive at the asset beta which would reflect the riskiness/volatility of Kohler, weighted average of these two betas has been taken as provided in the calculations below:
Coca Cola is a soft fizzy drink sold in every store throughout the world. It is produced by The Coca Cola Company of Atlanta in Georgia, and is often called as Coke.
We added the market risk premium of 6% to the 4.60% because 6% is the rate that investors want above the risk free rate due to the risk of the investment. This equals 10.6% which is then multiplied by the beta of the company of 1.1. Beta is a measure of the stock’s volatility in relation to the market. A beta of 1.1 means that Worldwide Paper Company has slightly higher volatility than the market does. The total cost of equity then calculates to equal 11.2%. This tells us that given the risk taken in investing in the company, a shareholder should expect an 11.2% return.
To test the assumption of a discount rate of 7% as given in the outline of the case, we calculated the required rate of return for the Wal-Mart stock using CAPM . Using rWalMart = Rf + βWalMart [E(RM) – RF], we find the required rate of return to be 7.01% and in line with the information given in the case outline.