Van Tiggelen : The Consequence Of Injury Prevention Framework

Have you ever experience a hamstring strain? Do you know how unsafe it can be? One of the common groups of people to go through hamstring injuries, are athletes who indulge in sports that involve jumping and explosive sprinting. In addition of hamstring injuries, they can be very frustrating to deal and treat with. The hamstrings are composing of tendons that attach three large muscles, the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. These three muscles helps one knee to bend and extend to his or her hip; however, when one or more of these muscles gets stretched too far and starts to tear, it may cause plenty of pain due to the pulled hamstring.

Without a doubt a strain to the hamstring is an atrocious impairment to all athletes. Prevent an injury by always warming up and stretching. Stretch after your warmed up, it will increase flexibility. Unfortunately, not being fully stretched that night at dance practice, was what resulted my injury.

A pulled hamstring are injuries to three groups of muscles in the back of the thigh. The muscle is not very widely used when a person is standing or walking.

The anatomy is a major contributor to any injury. The three hamstrings are the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and the biceps femoris. The hamstrings are responsible for flexing the knee and extending the hip

Throughout my junior and senior years of high school I was a part of the Student Athletic Training Team in the Sports Medicine Department of Wakefield High School. To help better understand the injuries that the team encountered in the field, I enrolled in the Sports Medicine classes that were offered by the school. The classes were taught by the head athletic trainer for the school who believed in hands-on learning, especially for his student trainers. During the duration of the course and my time as a member of the team, I saw numerous different types of injuries; but there were three that occurred most often: an ankle sprain, a muscle strain, and a rotator cuff tear.

H1: Implementing an exercise program on high school female soccer athletes will increase hamstring strength which is our surrogate marker for ACL tears.

To understand what causes a hamstring injury you have to know how muscles work. All muscles work in pairs to perform a task. One set of muscles contracts to exert force while the other set of muscles relaxes. The hamstring muscles located at the back of the thigh, work with the quadriceps muscle group in the front of the thigh. When you want to bend your leg, the hamstring muscles contract and the quadriceps muscles relax. Conversely, when you want to straighten your leg, the quadriceps muscles contract and the hamstring muscles relax.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common sports injury occurs widely in the USA with the majority of suffered by healthy individuals with 70%of non contact period, during variety of movements such as jump landing, cutting and pivoting (9). Different risk factors should be considered for injury such as environmental, hormonal and biomechanical (8, 1). ACL injury prevalence is very high in soccer as well as other sports in females compared with males (15). Anterior shear force, valgus collapse, quadriceps to hamstring strength ratio (9, 11, 16, 6) are consider as other main risk factors in both genders. Co-contraction of the hamstring and quadriceps has been shown to provide dynamic stability to the frontal plane at the knee that protects maximum knee abduction loading (6). So, main focus of the study should be on muscular strength between agonist –antagonist muscle of lower limbs and recovery after injury. Female athletes gets injured almost 2-8 time higher than the male counterparts (22,6,1,3,9,10,12,15,16). Interesting point in comparing injuries in sports, dominancy of leg plays a role in ACL injury. In a non contact injury, females are more prone to get injured in their supporting leg whereas male soccer athletes tend to injure the ACL in their preferred kicking leg(22).Biomechanical point of view such as more extended hip-knee landing technique postures, knee pressure in different plane

The case series by Baker, Nasypany, Seegmiller & Baker (2013) investigated the effectiveness of IASTM for treatment of hamstring tissue extensibility dysfunction. Tissue extensibility dysfunction (TED) includes ROM limitations during standing flexion test, sit and reach test, passive and active straight-leg hip flexion and 90/90 active knee extension test (Baker et.all). The participants in this study consisted of three collegiate athletes who can had long-lasting tightness in the lower extremities, and exhibited hamstring TED. All patients had baseline active range motion measurements taken.

In heavy contact sports such as football, players constantly get injured or simply suffer from soreness. According to Dr. Hoder at Markson Chiropractic, “most NFL teams have one or two chiropractors on staff to adjust their players. Most of these athletes, like former NFL defensive end, Michael Strahan, recognize the importance of chiropractic care and recommend that everyone seek out chiropractic treatment as well.” In addition to this, college level football players often face issues when lifting weights. According to Damron Chiropractic, “the student athlete might notice a popping sound while lifting weights as he conditions. This popping sound is due to weakened muscles and tendons that can no longer hold the shoulder in place. With proper rehabilitation, those muscles and tendons can be strengthened to hold the shoulder in the socket and eliminate the popping” (Rezai). Student athletes in heavy contact sports are most prone to get injured. Chiropractic rehabilitation can aid in adjusting and strengthening muscles and tendons to help with current injuries as well as prevent future

It is difficult to imagine thought in the modern world without the competitive intercollegiate sports that people should be aware of what injured student-athletes deal with. According to Kremer, Moran, Walker, and Craig (2012), these injuries continuously increases in elite and intense degree in sports and can be career threatening for young athletes. With the growing interest of sports among universities, the aggressiveness in sport also increases and thus resulting to possible injuries among student-athletes. Common long term injuries can occur in the lower and upper body. Baima (2009) states that the common lower body injuries athletes’ acquire are anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and Achilles tendon injury, most of them happen among basketball, soccer, and football athletes. The common upper body injuries, according to Anderson, Parr, and Hall (2009), are rotator cuff injury and shoulder ligamentous injuries, specifically the Glenohumeral (GH) joint, which are prone among football, swimming, and tennis athletes. According to Baima (2009), an injury could be acquired with or without colliding with something. It is, however, important to be reminded that student-athletes inevitably cannot escape from these injuries when training or competing.

Throughout the sports world today, injuries a very common. An injury is “as any significant condition limiting function that caused an athlete to seek medical care by a trainer or physician, caused a practice or match to be discontinued, and resulted in lost time from athletic participation for 1 or more days” (Pasque). It is not uncommon to hear of a player pulling a muscle, tearing their ACL, getting a concussion, etc. Certain sports have a higher probability of getting certain injuries than others. For example, in football, wrestling and hockey, “injury to the brachial plexus, or brachial plexopathy, is one of the most common upper extremity injuries” (Kuzman). Football and wrestling are two high impact sports that have high risk for both

With viable hamstring extending, the muscle filaments will protract & the tight sensation will diminish. Hamstring extending is additionally an imperative approach to

Participation in sports can affect the upper body extremity in a positive or negative way. Sport injuries of the upper limbs can happen while playing amateur or professional sports. In the article entitled: Sports Injuries of the Upper Limbs, provides the reader with information on the common types of injuries and a treatment plan for each. The article evaluates the management of upper limb tendon injuries from the physiopathology and the new methods of injury treatment that are common in Brazil. (Silva, 2010) Even though this article looked at the Brazilian population, many of the injuries and treatments can be applicable to athletes in the United States. The injuries of the upper body usually happen in sport activities such as, tennis, volleyball,

In a thesis study from Azevedo and Martin (2008), the author concluded that achilles tendinopathy runners have a higher incidence of previous injury, run for more years, have reduced hamstring flexibility, and are heavier and taller than uninjured runners. In addition, reduced electromyography activity (IEMG) of tibialis anterior and rectus femoris during the running cycle were found in runners with achilkles tendinopathy.