Varicose Veins Research Paper

A DVT is a blood clot that can occur anywhere in the body, but these blood clots tend to occur in the deep veins of the legs and thighs. It is critical that these clots are diagnosed and treated promptly to prevent further complications such as a pulmonary embolism, which occurs when a blood clot travels from the lower extremities

After a suitable vein has been visualized and the venipuncture site thoroughly cleansed, the needle is then placed into the patient’s vein for blood collection. Difficulties can arise if a needle is not fully inserted or if it went entirely through the vein and a hematoma will be the result. (Morgan, 2005) Hematomas are bruises due to the collection of blood from veins or arteries in the surrounding tissues. (Garza, 2010) Sticking a fragile vein, excessive probing of the needle if the vein is initially missed, and failure to remove the tourniquet before removing the needle are some other ways a hematoma can develop during a venipuncture procedure. (Garza, 2010) When needles are incorrectly inserted into a vein, blood is allowed to escape, forming a bruise. (Garza, 2010) If at any time this should happen, the phlebotomist should immediately end the procedure by first removing the tourniquet, then the needle, and apply firm pressure to cease the blood flow. (Morgan, 2005) Improper needle placement can also cause neurological damage. With deep insertion of a needle, hitting the nerve behind the vein is likely. (Garza, 2010) Radiating or shooting pain and sometimes numbness has been reported by patients in these situations. (Garza, 2010) Phlebotomist should always insert needles with care to avoid any injury to the

DVTs usually occur within the deep veins of the lower leg. The DVTs that remain in the lower leg and calf tend to be asymptomatic and do not become clinically significant. A DVT is most likely to present symptoms when the proximal leg veins are involved and also when the DVT obstructs venous outflow resulting in inflammation of the vein wall (Bonner and Johnson, 2014). Warmth, redness, pain and swelling in the affected limb are common symptoms of a DVT. If a patient presents with these symptoms, a physical examination of the whole limb should be undertaken by a nurse or physician to observe for signs suggestive of a DVT. Suggestive symptoms of DVTs include superficial venous dilation, tenderness along the course of the vein, unilateral leg oedema, cyanosis, warmth and erythema (Bonner and Johnson, 2014). On examination of the limb, these are the symptoms that the nurse or physician should be looking out for, however, diagnosis on clinical presentation alone is extremely difficult as these symptoms are not specific to DVT and can be present in numerous other conditions. To improve accuracy when determining the probability of a DVT, nurses are advised to use the two level DVT Wells score. Each clinical feature is accompanied with a score. If a patient presents with a score that is two points or higher, it is likely that a DVT is present and

Intervention Procedure: Following the diagnostic portion of the procedure, the left femoral vein was accessed under ultrasound guidance with a 21 gauge thin wall needle. A double lumen 4 -French (5 cm in length) was placed percutaneously into the left femoral vein by modified Seldinger technique with guide-wire exchange. Blood was withdrawn from all lumens and flushed with normal saline. The catheter was sutured in place and a sterile dressing was applied over the site prior to removal of drapes.

• Treating deep vein thrombosis (DVT): it’s a blood clot that develops deep in the vein especially in the leg. Such clots are also termed as venous thrombosis. DVT triggers pain and can result in severe complications like pulmonary embolism, hence the medication is given but one should take the right amount of the medication and avoid Heparin overdose and underdose

Immobility during long journeys or during disease struck period leads to many different complications. My interest in the problems faced by patients after surgeries and the elderly with less mobility, leading to deep vein thrombosis. Being able to recognize someone affected by Deep Vein Thrombosis, and diagnosing it before there are other complications that are formed due to this blockage between the veins. In the circulatory systems, the method of transport of blood from the heart and to the heart, operate on different mechanisms. Arteries have elastic muscle lining, which can withstand the pressure when the blood is pumped from the heart. Veins are transporting de-oxygenated blood back to the heart, and they lack muscle lining.

Your first step in getting rid of your varicose veins is to understand why and how they pop up. The veins in your legs and feet have valves that work to move the blood from your lower extremities back up to your heart. However, since these valves have to work against gravity and push your blood "uphill", they sometimes get weak or worn out.

If a blood clot in your legs breaks away from the vein wall, it may travel to your lungs. This is a pulmonary embolism and is very serious. There may not be any symptoms, but if you start suddenly coughing and bring up blood or have sharp chest pain and shortness of breath with severe lightheadedness, you should immediately

If you have leg eczema treated primarily cause of eczema. If you have wounds get treatment for them, and swollen legs wound with special bandages or special stockings tested. Sometimes you may need surgery for varicose veins.

Complications from a hip replacement surgery can occur Post-operatively. One of these complications includes deep vein thrombosis. DVT is a cardiovascular disease, in which a blood clot forms in a vein deep in the body, commonly occurs in the lower leg or thigh. The clot can break loose and travel within the body and block any blood vessels in the deep vein, this blockage of vessels can occur in places such as the lungs or the brain, subsequently leading to death if not treated immediately. When a patient is resting in bed for prolonged period of time after surgery the body is not efficient in helping the blood to flow back to the heart from the lower extremities due to the fact that the muscles in the lower extremities are not active, hence

Varicose veins are not a cause for concern. However, these swollen and enlarged veins can cause you to develop pain. The veins that are reddish and purplish in color and appear to turn and twist are referred to as spider veins. There are a few things you can do in order to get rid of spider veins for good. You should wear low-heel shoes, elevate your feet and wear compression stockings.

The first step your doctor may advise is to treat your veins with lifestyle changes. For instance, losing weight may help your condition. If your excess weight is from pregnancy, your doctor may advise a wait and see approach since the veins may gradually disappear on their own after you have your baby. Your doctor may also recommend that you wear compression stockings during the day to stimulate circulation in your legs, especially if you have to stand or sit in the same position for several hours at a time. Elevating your legs may relieve pressure on the veins and reduce swelling that causes discomfort. Compression stockings, weight loss, wearing loose clothing, and elevating your legs often throughout the day might be enough to help your condition or at least keep it from getting worse.

Thrombosis of an iliofemoral vein accounts for 25% of all lower extremity DVTs and is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE), limb malperfusion, and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). In addition to an anatomic predisposition to venous stasis, the majority of patients with iliofemoral DVT have at least one additional risk factor for venous thrombosis. Endothelial injury and hypercoagulability, along with stasis, comprise Virchow's triad of thrombogenesis. Common examples include the postoperative state, prolonged immobility (e.g., travel, hospitalization), malignancy, pregnancy, and inherited hypercoagulable conditions.

Not all patients with varicose veins will need treatment. Adjusting one's lifestyle by losing weight, as well as wearing support tights or elastic stockings and trying to avoid long spells of standing, can help to alleviate aching symptoms, although these will not cure the underlying problem. In order to improve appearance, alleviate symptoms, treat developing skin changes and ultimately to prevent

Scrub the site of the puncture with a alcohol pad. Use a circular scrubbing motion, from inside to outside only. Cover a wide area around the selected site, 3 to 4 inches. This may have to be repeated depending on the cleanliness of the patient. Cleansing the site prevents chemical or microbial contamination of specimen and patient. Do not touch this area again. Let the area air dry. Do not blow on or fan the area. The alcohol should be allowed to dry to avoid hemolysis and/or burning sensation when the venipuncture is performed. It is better to use syringes if veins are small. butterfly collection sets are also available and useful if multiple tubes are needed. If a syringe is used, move the plunger up and down in the barrel once or