Various Biogeochemical Cycles In Our Biosphere Allow For

The Carbon Cycle is a process necessary to all life forms as carbon is used for photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and is found in all living organisms. This process occurs naturally from cellular respiration, decomposition, and volcanic eruptions. However from burning fossil fuels and cutting down trees at a rapid pace carbon dioxide is being released into the atmosphere at an artificial rate. The overabundance of atmospheric carbon dioxide is causing for global warming. This global warming is causing extreme havoc to the Earth and all of its life forms. However this damage, although cannot be reversed, can be changed for the better.

Often scientists work with bacteria that do not come in a labeled test tube— for example, bacterial samples taken from infected human tissue or from the soil—and the scientist must then identify the unknown microorganism in order to understand what behavior to expect from the organism, for example, a certain type of infection or antibiotic resistance. However, because of the relatively few forms of bacteria compared to animals and because of the lack of bacterial fossil records due to their asexually reproductive nature, the taxonomy used to classify animals cannot be applied to bacteria (Brown 275). In order to classify unknown bacteria, a variety of physiological and metabolic tests are available to narrow a sample down from the fathomless number of possibilities into a more manageable range. Once these tests have been performed, the researcher can consult Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, a systematically arranged and continually updated collection of all known bacteria based on their structure, metabolism, and other attributes.

The purpose of the following study is to determine where the two unknown bacteria acquired in Microbiology lab should be classified in regards to temperature, pH level, and osmoregularity. It is important to classify bacteria in order to identify them. Identification of bacteria is important because they are not only useful but potentially dangerous as well. The identification of bacteria can lead to breakthroughs in healthcare regarding treatment of old and new diseases alike. Identifying bacteria can also be used in many other areas from better crop production through microbial pesticides to biological warfare. Their uses are endless as are their abilities to evolve and adapt to changing environments. That is why it is so important

Microbes are bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. The earth was formed 4.6 million years ago. And a few million years later, by 3.5 billion years ago, earth was already inhabited by a diversity of organisms. The earliest organism is Prokaryotes and within the next billion years, two distinct groups of prokaryotes called bacteria and archaea diverged. Eukaryotes cell evolved from a prokaryotes community, a host cell containing even smaller prokaryotes .The microbial world accounted for all known life forms for nearly 50 to 90% of Earth's history. We are still researching microbial organisms today in marine environment, extreme environments. A microbial observatory is an NSF-funded project dedicated to the discovery and characterization of novel microorganisms and microbial communities of diverse

Unknown lab report# 24 Introduction Microbiology is a study of organisms that surrounds us every day. It requires an educational understanding to identify organisms, and the ability to distinguish different bacteria’s. In applying the learning process of the different bacteria’s, unknown bacteria samples are given to be studied and identified.

Nitrification = bacteria that convert ammonium ions first into nitrite ions then into nitrate ions

*The nitrogen cycle converts atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants and animals, and then reconverts it to

These biologists are particularly interested in the ancient microbes that are laying dormant in Naica, Mexico. For these life forms to survive, it appears that they were able to exist by living off on minerals such as manganese and iron.

Prokaryotes are ubiquitous, successfully adapting to diverse environments as well as developing symbiotic relationships with host organisms (Lengeler, Drews, & Schlegel, 1999). Prokaryotes may have both autotrophic and heterotrophic characteristics. A cyanobacteria is photosynthetic, commonly called blue-green algae, and may produce toxins (Crayton, 1993). Bacteria are most commonly associated in the general

With NIT 3 probes hybridized bacteria could not be detected, thus either hybridization was unsuccessful or nitrate reducing activity by the NIT 3 gene was not present in the samples. Showing fewer artifacts, the Ntspa 662 probe showed no positive hybridization. Ntspa 662 is specific for the genus Nitrospira, which is known to conduct nitrite oxidation. For the BS 820 probe, which is specific for Candidatus Scalindua wagneri and C. S. sorokinii, no hybridization to bacteria was found, while for the more general probe Sca 1309 just one very small colony of Candidatus Scalindua specimen could be detected (figure 15, J - L) and a very high abundance of anammox bacteria of the genera Kuenia stuttgardiensis or Brocadia anammoxidans was verified using AMX 820 probe, especially in the seeding sludge samples. Thus the majority of anammox bacteria in the seeding sludge are not of the genus Candidatus Scalindua. Besides the positive FISH results, the shape of bacteria hybridized with AMX 820 was similar to what was initially seen with DAPI. Fluorescence reveals ring and sickle shapes (cf. figure

Mohan, Arvind Murali, Et Al. "The Functional Potential Of Microbial Communities In Hydraulic Fracturing Source Water And Produced Water From Natural Gas Extraction Characterized By Metagenomic Sequencing." Plos One 9.10 (2014): 1-12. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Mar. 2016.

On June 25th, 2015 I chose the test tube labeled #19. This test tube contained an unknown bacterium, and the purpose was to determine the unknown bacterium by the end of the semester. Throughout the course, I ran a series of differential tests that would lead me to discovering the characteristics of my unknown. These tests that I will discuss in this paper are vital to understanding the biochemical mechanisms that different bacteria can perform, therefore helping me identify my bacterium based on molecular differences. During the course of this paper, I will refer to my unknown as unk#19. Also, I would note that aseptic technique was performed throughout the entire experiment and subcultures were regularly made.

Useable nitrogen production is not need to worry because bacteria are not the only source to do nitrogen fixation process. On the other hand, useable nitrogen can be substituted by the interruption of human such as the Haber-Bosch process.

When oxygen and nitrogen combine in water, it forms nitrate, which is an essential chemical for eukaryotic algae; however, cyanobacteria do not need nitrate for their survival, contrary, they use elemental nitrogen. This way, even after the evolution of true algae, even though in fewer quantity, cyanobacteria remained widespread, and oxygen was accumulated.

One thing that human activities can do is alter transfer rates. In other words, certain actions from humans can cause an excess of nutrients in the environment. One example of this is phosphate heavy animal waste from livestock running off into nearby bodies of water, causing eutrophication. During eutrophication, the body of water becomes overly enriched, causing algae to grow rapidly in the water. When the algae dies, it causes oxygen to become depleted, which is extremely problematic for the fish who live in the water, because without oxygen, the fish will die out. There are other factors that can cause an excess of phosphate to run off into nearby