Veertebrae Body

The intervertebral discs of the spine are made of cartilaginous vertebral endplates, annulus fibrosus, and nucleus pulposus (Lotz, Hsieh, Walsh, Palmer, & Chin, 2002). Vertebral endplates are the top and bottom portions of the vertebral bodies that border with the vertebral discs. The annulus fibrosus made up of ligament fibers and forms the tough outer portion of the intervertebral disc. The annulus fibrosus securely joins the spinal vertebrae above and below the disc and surrounds the nucleus pulposus, which

The cervical vertebrae are the vertebrae in the neck, the upper 7 vertebrae in the spinal column.

There are 33 vertebrae in the spinal column. Each vertebra is separated from the next by a spongy intervertebral disc that consists of a gel-like substance (nucleus pulposus). These discs are the spine’s shock absorbers; however, if these spongy discs

Next is the vertebral fracture which involved the spinal vertebrae bone at the back of our body. Basically, there are four spinal curves at the vertebral column which are cervical (12 vertebraes), thoracic (7 vertebraes), lumbar curve (5 vertebraes) and sacral curve. The vertebral column have common basic structures but different in regions. Thoracic and sacral curves are

However, in the prenatal period, there could be some disruptions in the formation of the vertebral column, which may lead to congenital anomaly of the spine that impact individuals with varying degrees of severity. The vertebral column division is highly variable because of the possibility of lumbarization of vertebrae that are normally part of the sacrum or sacralization of vertebrae that are normally part of the lumbar spine. Lumbarization is a congenital deformities, in which the first sacral vertebra is not completely merged to its fused sacral components; however, instead this the first sacral vertebra became a part of lumbar vertebrae. It is also called as an extra vertebra, additional lumbar vertebra that is labelled as L6. This lumbarization

However, there definitely was biomechanical application considering the optimal detail discussed in the cervical operations of each CE in regards to which cervical vertebrae were removed. Also, the article also had visuals of the actual biomechanical instruments such as the 3-D motion analysis system as well as the loading system which was used. Limitations that the article contains pertains to the removal of ligaments and muscles and other tissue, hence, potentially skewing what results might occur in a living individual who undergoes a similar CE, whether level one, two, or three, since muscles play a gargantuan role in stability and movement of the cervical spine in particular in regards to flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation

The thoracic and the lumbar are the most common regions that are affected with scoliosis. Sometimes both parts of the thoracic and lumbar spine are affected, and this is called or referred to as ‘C’ shape. Doctors have not developed an identifiable cause of scoliosis alone. Scoliosis can be divided into two categories, structural and non-structural.

Cervical Vertebrae is composed of 7 discs ranging from C1 to C7. It is in charge of protecting the spinal cord while supporting the weight of the head that averages at about 10 pounds. The vertebrae is also tasked with enabling the head to rotate and move. The intervertebral discs in between the vertebrae are said to be gel like and allows the parts of vertebrae to move past each other. They also act as shock absorbers. The Spinal Cord sends signals throughout the body that allows us humans to move via the spinal nerves.

At the point when seen from the side, a grown-up spine has a characteristic S-molded bend. The neck (cervical) and low back (lumbar) districts have a slight inward bend, and the thoracic and sacral areas have a delicate arched bend. The bends work like a wound spring to ingest stun, look after parity, and permit scope of movement all through the spinal section. (Moore, K et al., 2009).

The sacrum consists of five vertebrae that begin to fuse during adolescence and completely fuse around the age of thirty. There are four curvatures of the vertebral column the cervical and lumbar are termed lordotic and project posteriorly while the thoracic and sacrum curvature is known as a kyphotic and curves anteriorly. Another name for the coccyx is the tailbone.

The spinal column, and muscles around it play a key role in our lives. Most of our structural support in our back comes from structures called vertebrae. In total the human has 33 vertebrae. The bodies of the vertebrae rest on intervertebral discs. These discs have a ring of fibrocartilage called annulus fibrosus with a substance in the center called pulposus. These tissues provide flexibility within the spinal column. The spinal cord runs through the vertebral foramen of each vertebrae. Some vertebrae have spinous processes that are located on the posterior of the structures. Within the vertebral foramen there is fat, areolar connective tissue, and blood vessels. These tissues provide cushioning for the spinal cord which is a vital part of our survival.The vertebrae can vary in shape and

The human spinal column consists of a sequence of 33 bones that bones known as vertebrae. Each vertebrae is separated and united by intervertebral disks which in turn form the vertebral column. The 33 vertebrae of the spine are divided into presacral and followed by the sacrum, which is composed of 5 fused vertebrae, and two coccygeal vertebrae. The sacral and the coccygeal fusion do not start until age 20 and are not completed by middle age. The 24 presacral vertebrae, which is composed of seven cervical or neck vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and five lumbar vertebrae allow movement and hence render the vertebral column flexible. Stability is provided by ligaments, muscles, and form of the bones.

In doing so, it creates more space around the spinal cord. The cervical portion of the spine is made up of your uppermost vertebrae in the neck. This procedure is known to be combined with the posterior fossa decompression surgery. Both treatments work to maximize the restoration of cerebrospinal fluid flow.

The human spine is divided into cervical (7 vertebrae C1 - C7), thoracic (12 vertebrae Tl - T12), and lumbar (5 vertebrae L1 - L5) sections above a fused sacrum (Fig. 2). While the spine normally has no lateral curvature, there are normal side-view curves including lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis and cervical lordosis. Scoliotic curves are considered thoracic when the apex lies between T2 and T11, thoracolumbar at T12-L1, and lumbar from L2-L5. Each vertebra consists of an anterior weight-bearing vertebral body and posterior elements that protect the spinal cord and enable muscular and ligamentous attachments (Fig. 3). Particularly in severe scoliotic curves, asymmetric loads on the vertebrae encourage asymmetric growth of the vertebral elements, with one result being that despite a substantial underlying spinal curve the spinous processes may deform to produce a relatively straight line on the back surface. The spine, composed of vertebrae connected by fluid-filled intervertebral discs, is a loose and

The spine has a very complex structure. It is made of a series of bones, called vertebrae, separated by discs called invertebral discs. It is divided into five sections, and each vertebrae is named accordingly: cervical (C1-C7), thoracic (T1-T12), lumbar (L1-L5), sacral (S1-S5), and the coccyx. The cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine regions will create a natural curved 'S' shape. When this shape is disturbed, the spine's alignment is said to be abnormal. _Lordosis_ is an abnormal curve of the lumbar spine, _kyphosis_ is an abnormal curve of the thoracic spine, and _scoliosis_ is an abnormal side-to-side curve of the spine.