Vega's Pastime

Tycho began to gain fame as an astronomer after reporting on a “new star” in 1572. Tycho saw a very bright star in Cassiopeia on November 11th, 1572. He fixed its position with regards to the other stars in the constellation, and continued to observe it. It began to fade in brightness early the next year, and was only as bright as Polaris within six months. He also reported on the color changes, from brilliant white to yellow to red and back to red within that same six months (Hall 274). These careful observations helped springboard his career as an astronomer, and he published his findings on “De Nova Stella” or “the New Star” in 1574.

2) Why are there different brightness of stars and how do we describe their brightness as compared to one another?

Another property of a star is temperature. By measuring the temperature of a star, scientists are able to tell how hot the star is. They use color to measure the temperature of stars. The red ones are the coolest (3,500 K), the yellow ones are warmer (5,000 to 7,000 K), the white ones are warmer still (9,000 to 15,000 K), and the blue ones are the hottest (20,000 to 50,000 K).

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the composition of stars and their temperatures based on the lights that they emit.

Alex’s sports hobbies include tennis and volleyball. Alex has been playing competitive tennis for 3 years now. She has been ranked in singles as high as the 16th highest ranked player in all of Colorado. In doubles, she has been ranked as high as the 8th highest doubles team with her doubles partner Lindsay Lynch. Alex and her doubles partner Lindsay got 4th overall in a sectional tournament with girls competing from Colorado, Wyoming, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, and Utah. She has also played team tennis and won different titles in Colorado for winning the 12 and under and 14 and under with her team. Alex has gone to different states such as Cheyenne, Wyoming, Boulder, Colorado, Las Vegas Nevada, and Boise, Idaho for tennis tournaments. Her best

Donald Watson, on 1944 had a meeting with non-dairy vegetarian, Elsie Shrigley, to talk about the lifestyle and diet of non-dairy vegetarian diets. These pioneers were the first people to discover a new movement – although resistant. They felt that they needed a new name, something more brief than “non-dairy vegetarians”. “vitan”, “dairyban”, and “benevore” were some of the rejected words. They settled on “vegan”, because it had the first 3 and the last 2 letters of “vegetarian”. In Donald Watson’s words, it marked “the beginning and end of vegetarian”.

If you are looking for a new cookbook to add to your collection then Kerstin Rodgers book V is for Vegan is the perfect choice, whether you are a seasoned professional or just starting to learn and explore the many meat-free options vegan cooking has to offer. Rodgers book has you hooked with the many colorful pictures of recipes along with detailed directions that make cooking simple and fun. The recipes in this book are just as cheery and lively as the books design.

The Low mass stars spend there main life as a fusion machine which turns hydrogen into helium and a very slow and methodical pace. When the energy released by this fusion reaches the surface it is released into space and this is the star luminosity. Over a long, long time sometimes billions of years a low mass star consumes the hydrogen in its core and converts it to helium, at which point the core starts to contract and shrink. Once all of the hydrogen inside the stars core begins to become totally exhausted, the core pressure gives way to the crush of gravity because it has no more fusion occurring in its core at that time. As the core shrinks rapidly and the outer layers start to expand the stars shape begins to grow in size and its luminosity becomes extraordinary brighter due to the outer shell starting to produce fusion more rapidly then the core did during the main sequence life of the star. As this situation grows more rapidly and extreme the core starts to rapidly burn again and fuse its core helium into carbon. Then just before its final death the star ejects its outer layers into space. This leaves only the degenerate carbon core and since this core is still very hot it emits intensely powerful ultraviolet radiation and glows brightly in what is known as a planetary nebula. The nebula fades and cools over around a million or so years and we are left with a white dwarf cooling indefinitely till

I can tell many things about the star B-Centauri by looking at this H-R diagram. First of all I can see that it has a temperature of almost 30,000 K, that means it is almost five times hotter than our sun. Next, B-Centauri's luminosity is 10, 000 Lu which means it produces ten thousand times the energy of our sun. I know that B-Centauri is a spectral type O by reading the H-R diagram. During the Vlab we found that Naos was a spectral type O. All stars that are spectral type O are blue, meaning they are the hottest type of stars. Stars of the same spectral type have the same composition. Since Naos has hydrogen, helium, and helium ions so does B-Centauri. The mass of B-Centauri is twenty times the mass of our sun. The radius of B-Centauri

In this stage, it spent time to fuse from hydrogen to helium in the core of star. When hydrogen starts to run out, the core starts to contract and becomes unstable. The outer shell starts to cool down and turns red since the outer shell is mostly hydrogen. The Sun is the main sequence and the stars in the main sequence can be classified into spectral types with each class. Each spectral type are divided into several sub-division such as A0 being the most hottest stars and A9 being the least hottest stars of group A. Similarly, M, K, G, F, A, B and O spectral classes are used to classify each star. G-type star is the Sun, which is the main sequence. O type is the most complex molecule observed in the interstellar medium. M spectral type is the most abundant in our galaxy. As, the stars were arranged by color from blue-white to red that is spectral type B through M. The arrangement was also performed in luminosity where hottest stars were more luminous than the cooler stars. The hottest stars are blue in color that is very rare and coolest star are red in color that is

Annie Jump Cannon was most famous for developing a star spectra that is still used today. Many astronomers remember the order of the star spectra by “Oh Be A Fine Girl Kiss Me” (Annie Jump Cannon theorist of star spectra, n.d.). Some people call her the “The Census Taker of the Sky” (drfate0000,2014),and cataloged many stars in her lifetime (Census taker of the sky, 2014). She rearranged Pickering’s order for the star spectra (Annie Cannon, 2015). She examined and classified bright southern hemisphere stars (Annie Jump Cannon theorist of the star spectra,

bands as all the stars of its (∼ 1011 L ) host galaxy, while a typical QSO is by a factor of

This episode provides an overview of the composition of stars, and their fate in billions of years. Tyson describes how early man would identify stars via the use of constellations that tied in with various myths and beliefs, such as the Pleiades. Tyson describes the work of Edward Charles Pickering to capture the spectra of multiple stars simultaneously, and the work of the Harvard Computers or "Pickering's Harem", a team of women researchers under Pickering's mentorship, to catalog the spectra. This team included Annie Jump Cannon, who developed the stellar classification system, and Henrietta Swan Leavitt, who discovered the means to measure the distance from a star to the earth by its spectra, later used to identify other galaxies in the

DX Cancri is a pretty small star. Its spectral type is M and it is made up of helium and methylidyne. Its temperature is about 3000 kelvin. The color is red and it is a main sequence dwarf star. The luminosity is 10-4 and the mass is 0.1 and the sun’s mass is 1. The radius is 10-3 and after the cycle of a dwarf star, it cools down and turns into a black dwarf star. Even though it is a lot smaller than the sun, it is still many times larger than Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system!

In the episode, when Stan and his wife, Francine, meet the new Iranian-American neighbors, Bob and Linda Mimari, Stan immediately suspects them of being terrorists. Francine decides to invite them to a barbeque to welcome them. Stan greets Bob by frisking him. Bob notices and Stan stops and tells him to get a beer from the cooler. When Bob turns around, he sees Stan is about to cavity search him. Meanwhile, Stan’s son, Steve, accidently sets a nearby gazebo on fire. When Stan sees the smoke from the fire, he immediately accuses the Mimaris of doing it. Francine and his daughter, Haley, are upset at