Venous Thromboembolism Research Paper

Venous thromboembolism refers to the formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel. While clots can form in an artery or a vein, this article focuses only on clots that occur in a vein ("," 2015). Critically ill patients are at an increased risk of a venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to VTE can manifest as a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or a pulmonary embolism (PE). Risk factors include venous stasis, vascular injury, and hypercoagulable disorders. A majority of ICU patients carry at least one risk factor for VTE; additional risk factors are considered to have a cumulative effect…it is impossible to predict which patients will experience a

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a disease that embodies both pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the side of research, VTE is the most common preventable cause of hospital-associated mortality and is both the second most common medical complication and cause of excess length of hospital stay (LOS). Furthermore, with appropriate evidence-based prophylactic measures, the occurrence of hospital-associated VTE (HA-VTE) can be reduced by as much as seventy percent. Subsequently, there are approximately between 200,000 and 300,000 VTE-related deaths annually, which is greater than the yearly rate of mortality for breast cancer,

There are many people that suffer from venous thromboembolism. Venous thromboembolism includes both deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. This is the third most common cause of vascular death after a myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, and stroke. This article examines the possibility of either full or low intensity anticoagulation therapy versus aspirin. This was a randomized study that consisted of 3,396 individuals who have venous thromboembolism. These individuals either received rivaroxaban, which is an anticoagulant, or 100 mg of aspirin once a day. The individuals in this study completed 6-12 months of anticoagulation therapy and were eligible for inclusion in the study if they were 18 years of age or older. The

Konstantinides, S., & Goldhaber, S. (2012). Pulmonary embolism: Risk assessment and management. European Heart Journal, 33(24), 3014-3022.

Deep vein thrombosis is a type of venous thromboembolism that usually occurs in the legs. 1

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including both deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is reognised as the leading cause of preventable in-hospital mortality. DVT is the formation of blood clots in a deep vein- usually the large veins in the leg or pelvis. The most serious complication of a DVT is that the clot could dislodge and travel to the lungs, becoming a life-threatening blood clot in the lungs, pulmonary embolism. When a blood clot breaks loose and travels in the blood, this is called a venous thromboembolism. An inflammatory reaction is usually present mainly in the superficial veins and, for this reason this pathology is often called thrombophlebitis. It is a disorder that can occur in all races and ethnicities, all age groups, and both genders. Despite a marked increase in federal and national efforts to raise awareness and acknowledge the need for VTE prevention, VTE continues to remain as an important and growing public health problem. Unfortunately, VTE recurs frequently and is commonly overlooked, affects both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients, and results in long-term complications including chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTPH) and the post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS).

It is not uncommon for death to occur in an unusual way in a hospital setting. One such occurrence is frequently identified as a pulmonary embolism. The patient comes in with an initial diagnosis of lung cancer with metastasis to the liver. She is expected to live for a few more days. To show compassion, the nurse decides to give her a bath, change her linens, and help her become more comfortable. After providing her with care, the patient has one more request, to get a leg massage. Oblivious to any complications, the nurse proceeds to give the patient a good leg rub. Minutes later, the patient is found unresponsive on the floor. The patient suffers from a venous thromboembolism in one of her legs, that when massaged, travels all the way up

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), which includes Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE), is a common and potentially life threatening condition in critically ill patients. The diagnosis of VTE involves imaging procedures such as Computed Tomographical Angiography (CTA) and Computed Tomographical Venography (CTV) [1].

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious but preventable condition. It is a condition where the blood clot (thrombus) forms in a vein and block the normal flow. The blood clot can be caused by anything that disrupt the blood circulation or normal blood clot for example: disease condition (MI, stroke) vein injury, surgery or certain medication (Minet et al., 2015). It commonly occurs in the extremities, which is referred as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or clot that reach into the lungs and lodge causing a pulmonary embolism (PE) (Kreutzer, Minami and Yang, 2016, pp.2136). The ICU patients have high risk factor for developing VTE because of sedation, vasopressors or central venous catheter and immobilization (Minet

A pulmonary embolism is a blockage that is located in the lung artery. The cause is more than likely to come from a blood clot in the leg called a deep vein thrombosis. When that happen it breaks loose and travels throughout the blood stream and into the lung which cases the pulmonary embolism. When that happens is causes permanent damage to the lung that was affected, low oxygen levels in your blood and damage to any other organ in your body that isn’t getting the sufficient amount of oxygen it needs to run properly. In some cases if the clot is large enough the pulmonary embolism may cause death. Some people who have these embolisms have no symptoms. Those who do have symptoms would include of having shortness of breath, coughing up blood or chest pain. Symptoms of the blood clot portion would include warmth, pain, swelling, tenderness and redness of the leg it is occurring in. the main goal of treatment is to disperse of the blood clot an prevent new ones from forming. The risk factors for a pulmonary embolism are the same as the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis. These are referred to as

In most cases, if you were to tell a client that their cat has a paralysis inducing spinal cord disease they would be rather confused. Let me break that down for you; paralysis is a loss of voluntary movement in the animal. The spinal cord clearly has to do with the back, and a disease is something that causes the body to not be one hundred percent healthy. Saddle Thrombus is a form of a paralysis inducing spinal cord disease that is found in cats.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage in a lung artery due to a clot.1 These clots are a result of a condition called deep venous thrombosis (DVT), the clots travel from veins usually in lower extremities through the bloodstream to the lungs, and block an artery.1 If not treated, this condition may lead to death depending on the size of the clot; therefore rapid treatment must be administered.1 The aim of this article is to analyze multiple peer reviewed research studies about the effects of thrombolytic therapy on the mortality and treatment escalation during the management of patients with an acute PE. The assumptive benefit of using thrombolytic therapy is that it can potentially break up clots instead of only preventing them from getting larger and dissolving clots will lead to an improved hemodynamic status in a short time period.2 However the effects of thrombolytic therapy are relatively unclear compared to the standard anticoagulation therapy which is prescribed more often.2

Pulmonary embolism, synonymous with deep vein thrombosis; are important and is a growing public health problem. Both contribute to the 300,000-600,000 individuals affected by this each year in the US alone. This condition does not discriminate against age, gender, or race and occurs across all boards causing morbidity and mortality. When misdiagnosed, unrecognized, or untreated, PE can cause death quickly; within just an hour. It’s fatal in up to 26% of cases (Andrews, 2010). However, prompt treatment greatly reduces the risk of death. Taking the necessary preventative measures to prevent blood clots is the key to protecting one’s self of these conditions.

Thromboelastography also known as TEG is a serum laboratory test that determines coagulation of blood. Blood clotting is called hemostasis and is an active, extremely complex process, involving many interacting factors including clotting, fibrinolytic proteins, activators, inhibitors and cellular elements (Eitel, 2012). It can help in determining if a patient may have a clotting factor or anemia by looking at clot strength and fibrinolysis. The test is usually utilized for surgery and anesthesia and does not replace other serum coagulation tests such as prothrombin time (PT,INR) or partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). TEG is able to assess platelet function, clot strength, and fibrinolysis where these other tests cannot.

This study suggested that providing VTE prophylaxis training to nurses would prevent VTE from occurring. To prevent VTE and other vascular disorders the nurses should get appropriate training. Furthermore, nurses must encourage their patients to use anticoagulant such as low-dose unfractionated heparin (LDUH), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), Fondaparinux, Rivaroxaban and Dabigatran and mechanical devices such as Compression Stockings and Intermittent and pneumatic Compression (IPC) consecutively that decrease the development of VTE 51-80%. The research also encourages nurses and other health care professional to educate patients and their family member to prevent VTE from occurring that include early ambulation post-surgery and proper