Ventilation And Gas Exchange Case Study

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway that impacts a person’s and their family’s quality of life. In people with asthma, their airway becomes constricted with swelling and excessive mucous. This constriction or narrowing of the airway makes it difficult for the person with asthma to breath (Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 2009). If asthma is left uncontrolled, it leads to further wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, tiredness, and stress. (Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 2009).

Asthma is a long-term lung disease. Those with asthma have sensitive airways in their lungs which triggers a flare up. When this flare up happens the muscle around the airways squeeze tight and the airways swell, become narrows and produce more mucus. (Anon., 2016) All these things make it harder for a person to breathe. Asthma effects the human body’s respiratory system. Asthma causes a spasm and constriction of the bronchial passages and the swelling and the inflammation of the mucous lining. The body responds by defence cells from the immune system, which causes the airways to swell and the muscles surrounding the airways to contract. Which is what cuts off the airflow. While a person is in asthma attack, the asthmatic cannot breathe which

This results in the person having repetitive periods of insufficient ventilation and jeopardized gas exchange. This occurs when the inhibitory input to the brain exceeds excitatory output; or in simpler terms the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe.

As of 2009, studies conducted by the CDC have shown that asthma impacts approximately one in every twelve people, and the numbers only continue to grow (CDC, 2011). Some of the most common symptoms can range anywhere from coughing (especially at night or during exercise), wheezing and chest tightness, to shortness of breath. Asthma is often a chronic condition and while many times it can present itself as being mild, it can also sometimes lead to death if a person suffers an asthma attack. Asthma can be genetic, but it can also be caused, as well as exacerbated by, environmental factors such as air pollution. Studies have shown that children living in the Bronx are experiencing asthma at levels eight times higher than the national average. In addition, rates of death from asthma are a whopping three times higher than the national average, and hospitalization rates at about five times higher.” (Ruppell, 2000). Asthma is not a disease that targets only one group of people, yet the Bronx still exhibits disproportionately high levels of asthma especially in neighborhoods that are poorer areas of the city. In fact, people from these poor areas are 21 times more likely to be hospitalized due to asthmatic conditions compared to people from more affluent parts of the city (Ruppell,

The effect of asthma can range from mild, irregular symptoms causing minor problems for an individual to severe and sudden asthma attacks. The extent of what causes asthma is not well known or fully understood but some common triggers include, cold temperatures, dust mites, cockroaches, pollen, sickness, mould and animal hair. When triggered, the airways in the lungs become inflamed and constricted causing shortness of breath, chest pain and wheezing [R]. Currently, there is no cure for asthma however symptoms can be managed with medication and improved living standards [R]. Asthma symptoms are commonly controlled with the use of inhalers, either preventers (taken to desensitizes airways to triggers) or relievers (provides instant relief by relaxing the muscles) [16].

Breathing is a vital process for every human. Normal breathing is practically effortless for most people, but those with asthma face a great challenge. During an asthma attack, breathing is hampered, making it difficult or even impossible for air to flow through the lungs. Asthma is an increasingly common problem, and has become the most common chronic childhood disease. At least 17 million Americans suffer from it(1), and although it can be fatal, it is usually not that severe(4). There is no cure for asthma, but with proper care, it can usually be controlled.

First then RN should evaluate the current needs of the patient by assessing them to see which outcomes have been met and re-advise or update the ones that have not been meet. With-in 24 hours of starting the treatment for pneumonia the patient has had some improvements which suggest at this time the treatment is working.

In a relatively healthy human body, the CO2 in the bloodstream is held in a tight range and commands the automated breathing rate through the medulla oblongata and pons, which are portions of the brainstem. Let's say the CO2 level in the blood elevates for some reason, the brain stem will react by raising the number of inhalations per minute to blow off the raised CO2. If the CO2 level gets too high, and the brain determines it's an emergency then coma will follow.

In order to do so the body stimulates coughing, after a prolonged time of coughing ,thick like secretions starts to be coughed up too (sputum). This then lead to the patient not being able to get rid of oxygen or receive any oxygen ether. There are three types of asthma, allergic asthma, mixed asthma and idiopathic asthma; each asthma name base off of what triggers the asthma attack. Allergic asthma occur due to an irritants such as allergens which trigger the asthma attack. This occurs due to the fact that the allergens aren’t recognized by our body’s immune system. Since it is unrecognizable it causes the histamine in our body to label it as a

Mrs Levchenko has tachypnoea, as her respiratory rate is over 20 breaths per minute. Her rapid breathing would be a cause of impaired gas exchange. Which could be caused because of her smoking, and

Gas Exchange is a physical process. During that physical process diffusion is involved which are two main gases oxygen (O2) which is needed for respiration, Carbon dioxide (CO2) that is produced in respiration.

Disorders of ventilation and gas exchange are diseases that disrupt the normal function of gas exchange of the lungs (Porth, 2015). The main function of our lungs is to remove carbon dioxide and to supply oxygen to the blood (Porth, 2015). The respiratory disease that I will be mainly focusing on is Bronchial asthma in children. Asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses that children In the United States are rushed to the emergency department for; miss the most days of school, and are hospitalized for (Porth, 2015). “Asthma is a condition in which you airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath” (M.C, 2015).

In some cases, it could lead to a life-threatening attack. Asthma may cause difficulty in breathing, chest pain, and cough. The symptoms may sometimes flare up.

Some things in the environment make her asthma get worse. If there is dust in the air she starts to have trouble breathing. When this happens she has to get away from the dust or her breathing will get a lot worse. Also, if someone is cooking on the grill the smoke in the air makes it hard for her to breathe. She cannot be around people that smoke because it will make her sick. Certain types of perfume will make her unable

In this research more to service of ventilations in the building. In general, the ventilation system in building is the process deliberate replacement of warm inside air with cooler outside air. Ventilation process is the process fresh of air that is contaminated air is removed from an occupied space is termed ventilation. By using naturally occurring air temperature and pressure differences, or by mechanical means such as exhaust fans & air-Cond system.