Ventilator associated pneumonia

It has been repeatedly stated that oral care is important in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Endotracheal intubation predisposes patients to developing VAP. The tube acts as a conduit from the mouth to the lungs – a perfect track for bacteria to descend upon. Khezeri, et al. (2014) suggest that “the presence of an endotracheal tube (ETT) inhibits normal coughing, normal swallowing, and the protection of the trachea contact by epiglottis closure.” In addition, an endotracheal tube keeps the patients mouth open – leading to dryness. Bacteria are not washed away by saliva. Also, Landgraf, et al. (2017) mention that the presence of an endotracheal tube in the mouth causes “changes in the oral epithelium” which “might indicate risk for infection in intensive care patients

The prevention of VAP through standardized care can reduce mortality rates, reduce mechanical ventilation days, and decrease costs and improve patient outcome.

The purpose of this document is a critical study and analysis of the oral care provided by nursing staff as part of the Ventilator Care Bundle (VCB) and to assess whether the frequency of mouth care performed is related to the prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in patients mechanically ventilated (Zilberberg et al. 2009).

To encourage physicians, ICU nurses, and respiratory therapist to use the ventilator associated pneumonia bundle in all ventilated patients in an intensive care unit.

Ventilator - associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common hospital acquired infection (HAI) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates for ventilated patients in intensive care units (Bingham, Ashley, Jong, & Swift, 2010). The VAP increases patients’ mortality rates, length of stay and hospital costs (Hiner, Kasuya, Cottingham, & Whitney, 2010). The VAP is the leading causes of death due to nosocomial infections and the

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a bacterial infection that occurs in the lower respiratory system within the first 48 hours of endotrachal intubation (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, & Camera, 2011). Although any hospital patient is susceptible to pneumonia, ventilator dependent patients are at the highest risk of acquiring pneumonia. The purpose of this paper is to identify the risk factors, incidences, and preventions of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) using a quantitative research study performed in Malaysia. “The aim of this

The authors of Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine state that “Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), a subset of HAP that occurs in mechanically ventilated patients more than 48 h after tracheal intubation” The type of ventilator that is needed to treat patients is called a mechanical ventilator. For these ventilators, a tube has to be inserted down the person’s throat thus causing more bacterial to get inside the patient’s body. Conclusion While most may think that hospitals are an environment for patients to return to their healthy state, hospitals can also be an environment where it deters them from healing. Hospital-acquired illnesses kill many each year and is due to reason of neglect or misuse of equipment.

The Ganz et al. (2009) research was performed in order to evaluate the ICU nurses oral care routines and if they were using appropriate, up-to-date evidenced based techniques and lastly if evidence-based practices (EBP) was associated with personal demographics and professional characteristics. Ganz et al. (2009) had found that previous research and studies has shown that poor oral hygiene may contribute to greater risks for pneumonia which results in an increase in mortality and morbidity (Ganz et al., p 133). In fact some of the research studies had stated that there was no documentation of the nurses oral care practices and these practices were not even up-to-date with recent evidence (Ganz et al., p 133). In addition to that, ventilator-associated

The purpose of this paper is to assess the effects of oral care on ventilator-associated pneumonia for inpatient

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a hospital-acquired condition that is currently not on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ (CMS) list of non-payment hospital-acquired infections (CMS, 2015). However, the thought of adding VAP to the list occurred in past discussions by CMS (CMS, 2008). This may change when there is an improved definition with clearer inclusion criteria that is currently being constructed by the CDC (Klompas et al., 2014). Nonetheless, the goal is to prevent hospital-acquired illnesses like VAP. After performing a review of care interventions for the prevention of VAP, a collaborative team between the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the American Hospital Association, the Association for Professionals in

In a research study, ICU healthcare workers were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire related to personal knowledge of ventilator- associated pneumonia prevention. The most recognized prevention guidelines of ventilation associated pneumonia were the use of a semi-recumbent position and the need to have written guidelines in the unit, more than 90% of the health

Exploring into each of the interventions and why it is pertinent to include these five components as a collaborative effort of all health care professions within a client’s plan of care. Elevating the head of the bed improves ventilatory function, minimizes atelectasis, prevents aspiration of secretions into the lungs. Hospitals reported a confirmed 23% of VAP cases without the IHI initiated bundle, and 5% of cases that were using the ventilator bundle were confirmed in a study pool of 86 intubated patients. The IHI recommends nurses and respiratory therapists work together collectively to maintain this intervention by marking the level of the bed with an indicator on the wall or side of the bed rail, and the use of nursing flow sheets. Moving

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) refers to bacterial pneumonia developed in patients who have been mechanically ventilated for more than 48 hours. Whilst there is no universally accepted definition of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)(Department of Health (DoH) 2010), it is viewed as a hospital-acquired infection caused by the aspiration of bacteria past the endotracheal cuff after 48 hours of being intubated, which can develop into pneumonia. VAP is known to extend intensive care unit (ICU) stay and has substantial cost implications of up to £12,000 per patient episode (Fletcher et al., 2008). Safadar et al., (2005) suggest that strategies for the prevention of VAP are urgently needed to help reduce hospitalisation costs, incidence of mortality and improve patient

Respiratory care is also a strategy that can be used in the treatment of pneumonia in people. The effectiveness of the strategy in treating pneumonia can be compared to that of antibiotics, and steroids. Its efficiency in treating pneumonia can be supported by a literature review by Nickerson (2015) based on a needs assessment to assess the prevalence of respiratory diseases and for increased respiratory therapist coverage at this complex continuing care hospital. The publication was focused on the assessment of the respiratory therapy effectiveness in managing complex continuing treatment of critical respiratory diseases. According to the findings of the study, it was ascertained that respiratory therapy/care could effectively aid in controlling respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia.

Aspiration pneumonia is one of the serious risk complications of stroke patients, about 40% of these patients have dysphagia (Cohen et al,2016). This affects the quality of life and prolongs hospital stay. A variety of options are recommended to minimize the risk of aspiration pneumonia, such as pharmacological therapies, compensatory strategy/positioning changes, tube feeding, oral hygiene and dietary interventions (Kaneoka et al, 2015).There are many issues faced by nursing in caring for dysphagia patient includes maintenance of oral care(Horne et al,2014). In this assignment, oral hygiene would take into consideration as one of the effective elements that utilized in hospitals. However, there was limited data published regarding oral care