Ventricular Dysfunction Essay

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a syndrome that occurs when the heart cannot pump sufficient blood to meet the tissues metabolic and oxygen needs. As a result, intravascular/ interstitial volume overload and poor tissue perfusion occurs. An individual with heart failure experiences reduced exercise tolerance, a reduced quality of life and shortened life span. The most common cause of heart failure is coronary artery disease (CAD). The incidence of heart failure increases with age. Approximately 1% of people over the age of 50 and 10% of people over the age of 80 experience heart failure. The prognosis depends on underlying cause and response to treatment. Heart failure may be classified according to the side of the heart affected.

Patient education is fundamental in promoting health literacy. The health care professionals play a crucial role in educating the patients to improve their quality of life by identifying their learning needs, any learning barriers and adopting a teaching method that actively relays knowledge and promotes the active participation of the patient. Health literacy can be defined as the capacity of an individual to gain knowledge, process information, retain knowledge and apply it to life to promote health and wellbeing (Robinson, et al., 2011). Patient education requires the active participation of learners (Bastable, 2014). Managing chronic illness like Heart failure can be challenging for many patients as it requires modifying their behaviours, lifestyles and following a strict diet plan (Baptiste et al., 2014). This paper aims to explain and justify the principles and methods involved in the education session for a Chronic Heart Failure discharge patient. The secondary objective of this paper is to elaborate on the benefits of teaching a

Mountings of evidence exist on the benefits of physical activity and exercise for patients who have experienced a heart failure (HF) in recent years. HF occurs irrespective of age, therefore there will be no age categorisation within this report even though it is decidedly prevalent in older people, however, distinction will be made in relation to the group most likely to experience an event where pertinent. Owing to that, the intent of this report will be to asses the impact of physical activity and exercise on mortality and morbidity outcomes of those who have experience an event, as well as the advancement of quality taking into account the prognosis of the patients and their ability to undergo a particular exercise prescription.

Heart failure HF is a condition involving the heart muscle that is unable to pump enough blood through the body to meet its oxygen needs. HF is associated with conditions such coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, anemia, infection, thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, dysrhythmias, bacterial endocarditis, pulmonary diseases, Paget’s disease, nutritional deficiencies and hypervolemia. HF main characteristic is ventricular dysfunction, usually left-sided heart failure develops first causing intolerance to exercise, reduction of quality of life and short life expectancy (Lewis, 2014).

According to Rutten (2003), in general practice majority of the patients with HF where elderly women suffering from chronic hypertension, whereas there seems to be a higher number of men with CHF being treated by a cardiologist as appose to the general physician (Rutten, 2003). Cardiol (2011) agreed that women with CHF seems to be more common. In postmenopausal women are more vulnerable as oestrogen affects the synthesis of collagen and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system.

Heart failure affects nearly 6 million Americans. It is the leading cause of hospitalization in people older than 65. Roughly 550,000 people are diagnosed with heart failure each year (Emory Healthcare, 2014). Heart failure is a pathologic state where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the demand of the body’s metabolic needs or when the ventricle’s ability to fill is impaired. It is not a disease, but rather a complex clinical syndrome. The symptoms of heart failure come from pulmonary vascular congestion and inadequate perfusion of the systemic circulation. Individuals experience orthopnea,

Heart failure (HF) is defined as a multifaceted clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood. In HF, the heart may not provide tissues with adequate blood for metabolic needs, and cardiac-related elevation of pulmonary or systemic venous pressures may result in organ congestion1. In the United States, HF is increasing in incidence with about 5.1 million people suffering from HF and half of people who develop HF die within 5years 2. Over 75% of existing and new cases occurred in individuals over 65 years of age, < 1% in individuals below 60 years, nearly 10% in those over 80 years of age. HF costs the

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a chronic dysfunction of the heart’s ability to effectively pump blood throughout the body. Left-sided heart failure is the most common and there are two main types: systolic and diastolic. In simple terms, diastolic heart failure occurs when the left ventricle still pumps effectively, but doesn’t move as much blood as it should due to a filling problem. Systolic heart failure, on the other hand, occurs when the left ventricle does not pump as forcefully as it should, and therefore less blood makes it into circulation per contraction. Researchers and physicians alike are moving away from the classifications of systolic and diastolic as problems with one can produce abnormalities with the other. Instead, they are moving to classifying heart failure as having normal or impaired left ventricular ejection fraction. Impaired ejection fraction (<40%) would be

I liked this article, it did give me some new information, like the improvement of adherence to dietary restrictions and appropriate use of pharmacological therapy. The fact that all the literature points to CHF patients benefitting from advanced care and outpatient follow-up, seals my notions of the need for a CHF clinic. Increasing quality of life was also another important finding gained from this study.

Based on such several studies the annual incidence of SCD in US is approximately 180,000 – 250,000 cases per year and worldwide it will be 4-5 million cases per year. The study from the Multnomah County, Oregon showed that 5.6% of the annual deaths are due to SCD, with very narrow differences between genders and the use of death-certificate data for study gives an overestimation of problem. This study has also suggested that per year approximately 40% of the SCD include females out of all cardiac death [13]. Straus et al studied 249,126 subjects with the median age of study as 40 years, found that the incidence of SCD in the general Dutch population is around 1 per 1,000 person-years and it increase with age and varies with gender, calendar month, and day of the week [145]

The patient described in this paper will be referred to as Jonathan Toews to ensure patients confidentiality. Jonathan Toews, is a sixty three year old man, born on August 23rd 1956, and lives with his eldest son. He was married two times and has three children, two children from his first marriage and one from his second. He lives in northern Ontario but originally was not born here, he moved here shortly following his second divorce. He is of Italian decent and is a practicing catholic. The patient weights 95kgs, is 178cm tall and has a body mas index (BMI) of 28.3. He said he used to play soccer when he was younger but since does not keep active or get the recommended amount of daily activity. Jonathan says he smokes around one pack or cigarettes a day and has a alcoholic drink roughly three to four drinks per week, he also describes that he eats fast food a few times a week. The patient now has congestive heart failure as a consequence of his MI. He was transferred from another hospital at the beginning of November and currently is waiting for more testing before he can be discharged from the hospital or moved to another facility. The patient has some known comorbidities that can exacerbate his CHF, this includes smoking, obesity, and noncompliance with medications.

The rapid growth in the number of seniors in America and around the world is creating a global demographic revolution without precedent. During this century, advances in hygiene and water supply and control of infectious diseases have reduced the risk of premature death much. As a result, the proportion of population over 60 years in the world is growing faster than in any previous era. In 1950 there were approximately 200 million people aged over 60 worldwide. By 2000 there will be over 550 million, and by 2025, the number of people over 60 is expected to reach 1,200 million.

The elderly population is growing with 35 million people who are age 65 years or older and half are between the ages of 65 to 74 and the other half are over the age of 75. The population age 85 years or older are the fastest growing population (Dubow, 2017). In 1991 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) reported that 8 out of 10 people over the age of 60 had one or more chronic diseases or impairments which included arthritis, hypertension, hearing impairment, heart disease, cataracts, deformity or orthopedic impairment, chronic sinusitis,

An dysrhythmia of the heart is an irregular heartbeat rhythm. Ventricular tachycardia is an dysrhythmia in which the lower chambers of the heart, the ventricles, beat unusually fast.

The world’s population is ageing rapidly. Between 2000 and 2050, the proportion of the world's older adults is estimated to double from about 11% to 22%. In absolute terms, this is an expected increase from 605 million to 2 billion people over the age of 60.