Vernix's Immune System

However, sitz baths are not encouraged until the 2nd or 3rd postpartum day, after the swelling has decreased. Promotion of increased circulation prior to this time will result in increased amounts of swelling, tissue congestion, and pain.

closeness with her newborn” (United Sates 3). With all of these proven health benefits, there is

Make it very gentle fun – this is a special one-on-one moment to be shared with baby;

When I was pregnant last year, I contracted a cold. It was terrible because you can't take the majority of medications out there without possible harm coming to the baby. Having to suffer through it without an effective remedy was terrible. We don't realize how lucky we are to have treatments to mask the symptoms of illness. I wish I had known more about how I could have used essential oils during the time I was pregnant. It's best to consult with your doctor before using

Describe how and why both types of adaptive immunity can cause problems with organ transplantation.

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Infant’s temperature is very important. After birth the nurse takes an infant’s temperature frequently to make sure it maintains accurately. When parents bring their infants home it needs to stay the same. In “Home Temperature for a New Baby” Dr.Iannelli states “that most experts recommend that you keep your home at a 'comfortable' temperature of between 68 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit” (Iannelli, 2007,

The organs that make up the lymphatic and immune system are the tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels. White blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), plasma, and platelets (thrombocytes) make up the blood. Lymphocytes are leukocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight off diseases. Two types of lymphocytes are B cells and T cells. Lymphocytes recognize antigens, or foreign substances/matter, in the body. Lymphocytes are a classification of agranulocytes, or cells (-cytes) without (a-) granules (granul/o) in the cytoplasm. B cells are created from stem cells, which are located in the bone marrow. B cells respond to antigens by becoming plasma cells. These plasma cells then create antibodies. Memory B cells produce a stronger response with the next exposure to the antigen. B cells fight off infection and bacteria while T cells defend against viruses and cancer cells. A hormone created by the thymus gland called thymosin changes lymphocytes into T cells. The thymus gland is active when you are a child and slowly shrinks, as you get older. T cells bind to the antigens on the cells and directly attack them. T cells secrete lymphokines that increase T cell production and directly kill cells with antigens. There are three types of T cells: cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and memory T cells.

To make sure our child was moisturized, we choose to use baby lotion. We debated about whether we should use baby powder like our Bengali and Guyanese parents did to us. In the end, we chose not to use it because modern science have linked baby powder to cancer and respiratory problems. We came to a compromised instead of going with a usual baby powder, we would choose a talc free powder to use. We decided that our baby should sleep in his own bed to provide a safer environment. Additionally, his crib will be in his parent’s room that way we can have a fast respond to his needs. We thought that for the baby’s bath time, it would be better to buy baby tub instead of using the sink. We came to this decision because the sink is not suitable for a newborn and not sanitary enough. We choose not to give our child a pacifier because we did not want him to become attached to the object and for us to be dependent on it.

Therapeutic techniques offered by midwives, such as hydrotherapy and water births, have been a topic of debate. Critics claim that water births can cause a series of problems for the mother and the baby. Water temperature has been an issue brought up, obstetricians feared babies would breathe in water and drown, and pediatricians worried that infants would develop infections. According to Sheila Kitzinger, “further investigation revealed that [temperature] was very unlikely to be the cause of these babies’ problems” (214). An infant drowning is an understandable fear; however, a baby is more likely to drink the water than to breathe it in and retain fluid in their lungs. A baby’s lungs are not fully developed at birth, and this is why aspiration

Cross-contamination of newborns must be prevented because they are at risk for infection during their first couple months of life. Their immune system is immature. In the nursery, individual bassinets are provided that have a thermometer, diapers, t-shirts, and bathing supplies for that bassinet. All persons who care for the newborn should scrub first with a microbial soap prior to entering the

After the delivery, the heat from the mom’s body can warm the baby and maintains the baby’s body temperature. For instance, when nursing students were at the operating room at Saint Peter’s Hospital during the C-section delivery, as soon as the baby was out, the doctor placed the newborn on the mother’s chest. When the mother was alert and awake during the C-section made it possible for the baby to stay on her chest on the first hours after the birth. It was one of the most beautiful moments in life. Nevertheless, there was another C-section birth of diabetic mother. She was not fully awake during the C-section and the doctor only did not promote skin-to-skin mother and the newborn. The doctors and nurses at Saint Peter’s Hospital support and encourage skin-to-skin for mother and newborn right after the birth if there is no complication on mother or baby or when the condition is possible. Saint Peter’s Hospital has policy for vaginal delivery, “all infants that meet the criteria for initiate skin-to-skin care shall have skin-to-skin care implemented as the standard of care immediately after birth and as needed thereafter regardless of feeding preference”. They promote skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby immediately after delivery. However, mothers and babies have a physiologic need to be together during the minutes, hours, and days following birth, and this time together significantly improves maternal and newborn outcomes.

There are two categories in which patients may fall into when developing active tuberculosis: those who have previously developed TB disease and a weakened immune system. Categories in which a person may have previously developed TB are those who had close contact with an infected patient; a foreign-born patient who lived in an area where TB was prevalent; and groups that are susceptible to exposure to TB are the homeless, prison inmates, drug users, and HIV-infected individuals. The following are risk factors that are associated with a weakened immune system: HIV infection, substance abuse, immunosuppressive therapy, children under the age of 5, low body weight, and diabetes mellitus (CDC, 2012). Developing TB disease is dependent upon the

Humoral immunity helps the body protect itself, the humoral immune response is by antibody molecules that are secreted by plasma cells. They produced antibodies that target foreign material in the blood stream that is seen as potentially dangerous, marking it for destruction. B-lymphocytes play a major role humoral immunity, they help the immune system in the fight against infections because of antigen presenting cells. They are the class of immune cells that synthesize antibodies and are responsible for humoral immunity. When the antibodies react with millions of potential antigens, the immune system does not have full capacity to create antibodies that react with millions of antigens.

The immune system plays a vital role in helping the body to fight diseases, as well as pathogens, the disease-causing factors. It is mainly composed of the tonsils and adenoids, the lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels, the spleen, appendix, and bone marrow. The main purpose of the immune system is to assist the body in its struggle to maintain optimal health.