Vibrio Bacteria Research Paper

Cholera most likely originated in India as many as 1,000 years ago. The earliest documentation of recorded symptoms is from a medical report written in 1563. Later, the first cholera pandemic initiated in 1817 when the bacterium spread from India to Southeast Asia, Central Asia, Russia, the East African coast and the Middle East and lasted until 1823. Modernization eventually increased the extent of the illness through providing means by which the bacteria could spread. On its own, Cholera would have remained separated from the rest of the world by miles of land and sea, but technological innovations connected the continents, and it did not take long for the bacteria to infect the precise human beings who would provide them safe travel. In 1826, unknowing merchants inadvertently carried the disease over trade

Cholera is an intestinal infection that can claim its victim’s life within hours if not treated promptly. It is caused by eating or drinking something that is contaminated with

The identification of bacteria is a fundamental objective of microbiologists. It is essential to distinguish specific bacterial properties to understand the environment, physiology and disease. As new bacterial species emerge and existing ones evolve into different strains, it is imperative that microbiologists continue to isolate bacteria from the field, identify their findings and research newly discovered forms. Their discoveries can then be used to evaluate the types of microbial life that may be found in certain environments and the corresponding benefits or risks to those that dwell in those areas.

Vibrio is a rod shaped bacteria that are also gram negative. They naturally appear in marine or estuarine environments. Also to note there are around about 12 species vibrio that have been known to cause diseases in humans which cause around about an estimated 80,000 illnesses, 500 hospitalizations and 100 deaths ever year in the US. The main reason that people get infected by vibrio is from coming into contact with seawater or through consuming raw or undercooked seafood. Vibriosis usually causes primary septicaemia (blood poisoning), diarrhoea, wound infections, or other extra intestinal infections. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a strain of vibrio that has a rod shaped is usually found in saltwater and if ingested can causes gastrointestinal

A disease caused by the bacteria V. cholerae which discharges a toxin causing an increased release of water from cells in the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea and dehydration, if left untreated, cholera can be fatal in hours even in previously healthy people.

Cholera is a disease characterized by “diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration” (MayoClinic, 2017). An outbreak of the disease was seen in England in the early 1800’s. The system for treating all ailments was based off of humoral pathology. Doctors analyzed patients “based on the idea that our bodies have four important fluids or humors--blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile.” (O’Neil, 2007). If one is out of balance, they would try to counteract it. The lack of knowledge and equipment allowed cholera to remain a mystery to the people of England. Another lack of knowledge was how disease spreads. At the time, the Miasma Theory was accepted, this stated that diseases were gotten by taking in ‘toxic air’. This simply was not logical.

The authors have presented three critical graphs in this article. The first one is a thematic map of cholera case density in Yemen. The map shows that western Yemen is the most heavily affected, several parts of which have reached an infection rate of 300 per 10,000 people. In the second graph, a comparison is made among the cholera outbreaks in different countries in the past 50 years, while Yemen mounted towards other largest outbreaks such as those in Peru (1991) and Haiti (2011). The third one

The rising rates of cholera due to climate change will most likely be due to a number of factors. I will be investigating two of them in this paper. The first is the increase in both air and sea temperatures. Examined next will be sea level rise and the impact this will have on populations, such as coastal flooding, increased storms, available drinking water, and the destruction of infrastructure.

The bacteria Vibrio fischeri are found in most marine environments but only in levels almost non-detectable. However the interest with these marine bacteria did not come from the free-living low abundant ocean population, but from the unique relationship it has with the Hawaiian bobtail squid (Eurrymna scolopes). Bioluminescent strains of the V. Fischeri form symbiotic relationships with these marine squids. The association between these two species has interested scientists for over 25 years related to the understanding of host-symbiont relationships, bioluminescence and quorum sensing (Ruby 2008). V. Fischeri is also used as a model species, which is the extensive study of a species that provides insight into the mechanisms of other species

In 19th Century London was suffering very badly with the Cholera during that time Dr. John Snow was the member of the Royal college of Surgeons and he made significantly contributions to the medical research. That time people’s belief was dieses was the results of the evil’s behavior. At that time there were two theories for the notation for Cholera. First, Miasma theory which is opposed by Snow. Second, the germ theory which was accepted by Snow. Snows hypotheised that the Cholera spreaded due to the spoiled water. He also pointed out that the risk to catch the dieses depends on the people’s life style, work and contact with sick person, regular habits.

Thank you for your informational post. Dr. Snow was also interested in the cause and spread of cholera. His research work supported his hypothesis that cholera was an infectious disease spread by fecal contamination of drinking water ( Aschengrau & Seage, 2014). A review of the available literature consider Dr. Snow’s investigation a “perfect model” in the manner that he conducted his investigation (p.21). According to Aschengrau & Seage (2014), Dr. Snow organized his observations logically so that meaningful inferences could be derived from them. Then he recognized that a “natural experiment” had occurred in the subdistricts of London that would enable him to gather unquestionable proof either for or against the hypothesis. Lastly, he conducted

In London, cholera caused the life of 6000 over victims and came to known as ‘King Cholera’ in the year 1832. Cholera spread across Europe and it reached Quebec, Nova Scotia, Ontario and even New York back then. A second major outbreak was then occurred in Paris during 1849.

The cholera outbreak or the epidemic of the mid-nineteenth century was the start of modern epidemiology. John Snow is considered the father of the modern epidemiology. Epidemiology is defined as “the distribution and determinants of health and diseases, morbidity, injuries, disability, and mortality in populations. Epidemiological studies are applied to the control of health problems in populations.” (Friis, Epidemiology 101, p. 3). During the mid-1800’s, John Snow revolutionized the epidemiological methods we are currently still using. John Snow believed that cholera was transmitted by contaminated water and was able to demonstrate this by mapping out the cases of cholera. Once he mapped out the cases he found that there was a cluster of cases around the Broad Street pump. The pump was removed after Snow present his evidence and the cases of cholera started to decline. This is truly remarkable for its time, linking the contaminate water to increasing cases of cholera at the time and this was all done before the development of the germ theory and the invention of the microscope. Shortly after the John Snow’s discovery, London started to in placed sewage systems. Sewage systems and treatment are responsible for providing clean drinkable to people in developed countries. Some developing countries aren’t fortunate enough to have sewage systems and treatments plants making it hard for their citizens to have access to clean drinkable water. Water is known to be

For instance, in 2000, there was an outbreak of yellow fever and cholera where 2 and 126 deaths were recorded respectively according to WHO report of 2014. Also in 2010, it was recorded that Cholera outbreaks occurs in 15 states of the federation with a total death of 191. Other outbreaks that roack the country that same year include, Acute fever and rash syndrome, where 1118 cases including 76 deaths were reported in 12 Local Government Areas of Adamawa State in February 2005 and outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza, was detected on more than 130 farms in 11 of the country’s 37 states and the presence of A/H5N1 avian influenza virus in a 22-year-old deceased female from Lagos was reported in February 2007 (WHO report, 2014).

Waterborne illnesses in general are such problem in third world countries because of the lack of clean water. For instance, cholera is such a problem in third world countries because people don’t have proper restrooms. The water is being polluted with feces and when people drink the water receive the illness. You can also receive cholera by eating a contaminated food. Another example of a waterborne illness is shigellosis,