Vinegar Lab Report

The experiment included four cups: One contained 50% vinegar, the second contained 10% vinegar, a third contained soda water, and the fourth contained distilled water. The hypothesis for the cup with 50% vinegar was that this would have the greatest amount of chemical weathering because it had the most acidic solution. The hypothesis for the cup with 10% vinegar solution was that this would have the second-most chemical weathering, having the second-most acidic solution. The hypothesis for the cup with soda water was that this would be next in chemical weathering, having soda in the water. The cup with distilled water was hypothesized to have the least amount of chemical weathering because distilled water should be the most neutral

The hypothesis is; as we know the concentration of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) we can obtain the concentration of hydrochloric acid using the titration of a standard solution.

The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in

The materials needed for this experiment included test tubes, a test tube holder, the unknown compound #202, 35mL beakers, gloves, safety goggles, ethanol (to clean equipment), stirrer (to mix solutions), the 15 possible compounds that are provided, pH strips, distilled water, wooden splints, spatula to get out unknown compound #202, waste bucket, Bunsen burner, graduated cylinder, 500mL beaker for the waste, plastic dishes to measure out compound and the scale.

In this project, C. Elegans are hermaphrodite worms that will be used since they are easy to maintain in lab, as well as have short life cycles. The gene that the project attempted to knockdown in C. Elegans with RNAi treatment is the unc-22 gene. RNAi disrupts gene expression in the presence of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is complementary to target gene sequence. The unc-22 gene codes for a muscle protein called twitchin in wild-type worms. The Unc-22 is required for muscle regulation and maintenance in C.Elegans. To verify that the RNAi treatment worked, would check the unc-22 mRNA levels in the worms, in addition to phenotype observation.

This is done through a change in temperature. Over time, two objects that are in direct contact will

2. When 2.00 g of NaOH were dissolved in 49.0 g water in a calorimeter at 24.0 ˚C, the temperature of the

The purpose of the sludge lab is to separate many substances that Mr. Beaver gave us from each other and possibly identify them. To do this, Shelstie and Abshir will use different techniques such as filtration, distillation, paper chromatography, and more. It is important to know characteristic properties. Characteristic properties are a substance that has the same result and the amount of the substance doesn’t affect it. For example, in distillation, they would need to figure out what substances boils at this certain degree. For the sludge lab, they will measure boiling point, density, flammability, and more. They need to measure characteristic properties because only one substance has that characteristic property.

To be able to complete this experiment various lab instruments were needed. This includes the use of beakers, test tubes, a metal spatula, wooden splints, and a Bunsen burner. The analysis begins with determining the physical traits of the compound. Then 0.15 grams of the unknown substance is mixed with 3 mL of distilled water to test

Once these steps were completed, the cuvette was placed into the spectrophotometer to test for phosphate, nitrate, ammonia, and turbidity. Inside the spectrophotometer, a light was shot through the sample to detect the contaminant. The first ever spectrophotometer was only developed to calculate pH levels and never used wavelength to calculate the abundance of chemicals within a sample. After many years of developing the spectrophotometer, a glass prism was installed. This allowed the spectrophotometer to use light wavelength to calculate the concentration of chemicals within a sample. The light was able to read the preferred contaminant because a reagent attached to each molecule, and the light was reflected back instead of being shot through the sample. This gave the concentration of each contaminant in the sample. In each machine, there was a different light wavelength programmed to shine through the sample to detect the different contaminants. This was done to get an accurate measurement of phosphate, nitrate, and ammonia within the sample. Turbidity was also measured using the spectrophotometer, but there was no reagent added. The turbidity was calculated by testing distilled water first and comparing it to the turbidity of the BSR water.

In this lab students tested the given contaminated (hard water) for the ions present in the water prior to the distillation, and then after the distillate (pure water) was collected, the same procedures were followed to prove the absence of the hard water contaminates. SPAN Chemistry is so called because this dual-credit class spans the gap between high school and the extremely rigorous college chemistry expectations.

Purpose: is to determine the unknown bacteria with a variety of biochemical tests. There are many reasons that contribute to why it is so important to test patients for both high and low risks diseases. The most important reason would be to know the identity of microorganism and how it can be treated .This study was performed in microbiology laboratory class by applying the microorganism to the tests that have been performed in the class prior to the identification of the unknown. First, the lab professor handed out a bacteria that was on the unknown streak plate labeled B5 that consisted of an unknown gram positive or gram negative bacteria.

Data were collected in September and November 2017 at the Elk Valley Preserve and Field Station in Banner Elk, NC. The preserve is located at 36°10'17.2"N 81°54'45.9"W, in Avery County in western North Carolina. The area is a mixed deciduous forest at an altitude of 1,127 m above sea level. Data were collected in early fall, during which temperatures average around 10-18 degrees Celsius. Summers in Banner Elk are typically mild, with temperatures averaging 21 degrees Celsius, and winters are cold and snowy, averaging near zero degrees Celsius. During the months of September and November there is an overall average precipitation of 12-25cm.

In this experiment, the effect of temperature and agitation on soda will be observed. The pressure of a sample of soda will be observed at three different temperatures, and the pressure of the sample will be observed at those temperatures initially without agitation, and then with agitation for different amounts of time.

The purpose of the experiment was to compare antacids by the amounts acid they neutralize to find the most effective antacid. Finding the most effective antacid is important because it will help others by allowing them to choose the best product for their heartburn. Titration is the process of which the unknown solutions concentration reacts with a known solution concentration. During the experiment, titration was used to calculate the moles of HCl neutralized by the antacid in this case was gelusil, by knowing the moles of HCl initially added to the flask and moles of HCl neutralized by the NaOH.