Violence Against Women Chapter 3 Analysis

Congress passed the Violence Against Women Act of 1994, containing a provision for the federal civil remedy to victims of gender-based violence, even if no criminal charges had been filed against the alleged perpetrator of that violence. Then, this statute was challenged in the Supreme Court by Morrison alleging that parts of the Violence Against Women Act were unconstitutional, therefore void, because it exceeds congressional power under the Commerce Clause. Leading up to this, Christy Brzonkala a freshman at Virginia Tech was assaulted and raped by Antonio Morrison and James Crawford. An investigation was followed up in which Morrison had admitted having sexual contact with her, despite her telling him “no” twice. A state grand jury, not

For centuries domestic violence has been perceived as a private matter private of which the government has not been concerned about nor was it considered the government’s business to intervene on behalf of a battered spouse. The unlawful nature of this failure for state or federal government intervention against this crime contributed to the systematic abuse of women in the family. The traditions, customs, and common law found in both British and American societies continued right up until the last decade of the 20th century and left the battered wives and very frequently, her children, at the mercy of the husband. It wasn’t until the 1990’s when the government began to do something to protect mothers, wives, and lovers from intimate

Domestic violence is also a result of gender inequality (Furze et al, 2008). Gender acts as a stratification system that creates inequalities between men and women by ranking men above women within the same race and class (Lorber, 2003, as cited by Knoblock, 2008). Because men had a higher rank, they had more power and more prestige than women. This paved way for male domination of women in society (Knoblock, 2008). Gender inequality also reinforced stereotypes about masculinity and femininity i.e. men were tough, authoritative, powerful whilst women were passive, weak and dependent (Knoblock, 2008). These ideas permeated society, and hence provided reasons for men to think that they have a right to assault a woman (Knoblock, 2008). The link between domestic violence and gender inequality is

I am a 38-year-old white American female. Some would argue that there is no better time to a woman in America – we have far more rights and privileges than either our colonial ancestors or women in many third world nations. Yet, even in my lifetime women have achieved milestones like the Violence Against Women Act, originally passed in 1994 but reauthorized and updated in 2013. Females in this country fight battles on many fronts that males, as a group, do not have to deal with on the same level. Women are sexually harassed, assaulted and raped far more than men. I myself have dealt with all three scenarios so far in my 38 years. Sexual harassment, sexual battery, and rape are all social problems that millions of American women face daily.

Violence against women and girls is internationally prevalent. Regardless of class, age, or race, women everywhere are subject to physical, sexual, psychological, and economic aggression (United Nations, 2015; 1). According to the World Health organization, 1 in 3 women will experience physical and/or sexual violence by a partner a non-partner. Moreover, studies conducted by the World Health Organization suggest that exposure to violent behavior can have detrimental impacts that can affect the physical, mental, and emotional health of a woman or girl; some instances of extreme violence also lead to death. Due to the epidemic of gender-based homicides, the term ‘femicide’ became apparent. The term ‘femicide’ was coined by a woman named Carol Orlock, but was later defined in 2001 by an expert on violence against women and girls, Diana E. H. Russell. Femicide, as Diana defines it, is "the killing of females by males because they are female”. Presented by the World Health Organization, the main types and prevalence of femicide are intimate femicide, murders in the name of ‘honor’, dowry-related femicide, and non-intimate femicide (Garcia-Moreno, Guedes and Knerr, 2012; 1-2). Indeed, the forms of femicide existing vary among all cultures internationally, however, in this paper; I will primarily focus on non-intimate femicide in the region of Ciudad Juarez.

Every day, women experience violence at the hands of men. Somehow, in our society, even rape and assault have fallen into a moral grey area. With the controversy surrounding [that], few pay much thought to the less extreme, but far more common acts of molestation. While smaller attacks are considered innocuous by many, they too can have long lasting effects of and we as women have no way to ever escape.

Introduction “Domestic violence is a type of abuse by one or both partners in marriage, friends, family, dating or cohabitation” (Aziz & Mahmoud, 2010). There are many forms of abuse from verbal and emotional to physical that often escalates over time in intensity for the victim. Data from the criminal justice system, hospital patient medical records and mental health records, police reports, surveys and social services reports of thousands of women revealed that many are injured and killed as a result of violence from someone close to them. “The US Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) defines domestic violence as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner regardless of race, age, sexual orientation, religion, or gender” (Robertson & Murachver, 2009). Researchers and the criminal justice system have not been able to agree on a clear definition to domestic violence which can range from physical injury, stalking, verbal abuse and humiliation, denial of shelter and access to money, and intimidation through aggressive behaviors. The definition of domestic violence may vary but the results from physical injury, mental and emotional trauma, and sometimes even death can last a life time.

The first key question that the authors Alaggia, Regehr &Rishchynski, (2009) are to figure out that how come there is not addressed the domestic violence and continue to persist as a social problem affecting a large number of Canadian Women. The authors are trying to answer this question giving some statistics, how the women are abused from their partner, such as the violence reported when the relationship is ended, and is some other case the violence starts after the separation.

Discussing the nature of the issue, violence against women includes females of all ages, race, and socioeconomic status, who are being violated through acts of physical and sexual violence, as well as psychological abuse. It is not just

Prior to the passing of the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013, previous bills tried to eliminate various aspects of human trafficking (Polaris Project, 2015). In 1910, Congress signed The Mann Act of 1910 into action. The act made it illegal for anyone to transport a girl or woman across state, or country lines, for the purpose of prostitution. Then, in 1930, The Tariff Act of 1930 made it illegal to import products that were made by forced laborers. However, neither of these acts addressed the full magnitude of human trafficking (Polaris Project, 2015).

The violence against women act (VAWA) renewal passes the house and senate and signed into law. (n.d.). Retrieved September 12, 2014, from National Network to End Domestic Violence: http://nnedv.org/policy/issues/vawa.html

Facts: Christy Brzonkala enrolled in Virginia Tech in 1994. After enrolling she was sexually assaulted by two football players including Morrison. She became so emotional distressed after the hearings which made her drop out of school. She then finally sued Morrison and the university in Federal District Court.

Chapter 3: The Laws and Policies of Domestic Violence and the Services Available to Male Victims. Introduction: This chapter will explore the laws and policies in place for male and female victims and perpetrators of domestic violence both nationally and internationally. These laws and policies will be analysed to determine their effectiveness

Millions of adults each year in the USA are affected by intimate partner violence (IPV). “The National Violence Against Women (NVAW) survey conducted from November, 1995 to May, 1996 indicates that each year an estimated 8.5 million intimate partner victimizations occur among the US population ages 18 and older” (Fang & Corso, 2008, p. 303). “As recognition of IPV as a serious societal problem increases, more attention has been directed to risk and protective factors for IPV perpetration, especially the link between child maltreatment, victimization and future perpetration of IPV” (Fang & Corso, 2008, p. 303). More than 80 percent of all victims are maltreated by one or both parents. Several studies have found that children who have experienced child maltreatment (neglect, physical abuse, or sexual abuse) are more likely as adults to conduct IPV. Of these children, 54 percent suffered neglect, while almost a quarter, 23 percent, suffered physical abuse and nearly 12 percent of the victims were sexually abused (Fang & Corso, 2008).

New law will securely and adequately address the issues of more casualties The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) is the foundation of our country's reaction to household and sexual viciousness. A solid bipartisan bill to reauthorize VAWA (S. 47) went in the Senate on February 12, 2013 (78-22) and in the House of Representatives on February 28, 2013 (286-138). President Obama marked the bill into law on March 7, 2013.