Cycles of Violence: The impact of human rights violation on Kashmiris-with special reference to Women and Children RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The objective of this paper is to study the impact of the constant cycles of violence suffered by the original natives of Kashmir, with special reference to Kashmiri women and children. This paper is descriptive and analytical in nature with historical references.
The paper is based on both primary research-in the form of interviews of the refugees (in Delhi and Jammu) and firsthand accounts- and secondary research material (including books, web pages, periodicals, newsletter etc) duly cited as footnotes on each page.
Cycles of violence: The impact of human
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Mrs Dhanwanti Mattoo2, a septuagenarian lucky enough to have seen 3 generations growing up in front of her can still not help but shudder convulsively and cry in pain while recounting the fate of Kashmiri Pandits at the time of the partition.
[Translated in English] ‘Those were cold times, dark, cold times. Ha! Not as if it is any better now. (In 1947) Amidst cross firing and blasts in Baramulla district, we were running bare feet, me and my younger brother. I stopped when I heard a loud cacophonic noise numbing my eardrum, turning to see a man shredded into piece and lying next to him on six feet of red ground, my brother-with his body torn open and his intestines touching the ground, not ready to part from his body, not ready to sewer its ties, shamelessly hanging there, afraid of losing its identity-like its brethren of Kashmir.
I look at him, transfixed. In a few seconds I decide to not let his body be defiled any further, I bend down and hold his torso with one hand, shove in his intestines and lungs back into his body with the other, tie him up with my Duppatta, hoist him on my shoulders and run from there.’
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1. Wailing Kashmir: Dr Satish Ganju, HOD PG Dept History, Graduate College [GDNU], Refugees in their own country: Fact-India
2. Primary
A refugee is defined as a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war or persecution. Since the communist victory in Vietnam in 1975, Australia has become a desirable location for hundreds of thousands of refugees as a result of the pleasant lifestyle and an abundance of employment opportunities. The experiences of Indochinese refugees in the 1970’s and present day refugees contain both similar and contrasting elements. Refugees no longer flee from countries such as Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos instead they arrive to Australia from war-ravaged nations in the Middle East such as Iraq and Syria. Nevertheless, these countries are all victims of war and people continue to seek refuge as a consequence of conflict and fear
For starters, it is necessary to discuss the historical context of, “The Management of Grief” by Bharati Mukherjee. Elaborating on a real-life event, Mukherjee uses a tragic plane crash on the basis of her story. Set only two decades after the independence of India from British rule, this story helps the outside world understand the pain of being an immigrant in a country that they were not wanted in. Personally, I recall several stories told to me by my father, about men taken from India, Sikhs in particular, and placed abroad to be used as soldiers in the British Army. In order to have a sense of understanding, imagine being forced to fight, lay down your own life for someone who you do not willingly follow, and then being left in an unknown country with minimal means of returning to your homeland. This was the reality of many Indians that had
To sum up, there are a number of factors giving rise to the social problems faced by refugees today. Democratic countries should accept refugees on duty. On the political front, it is an obligation to preserve human rights for refugees. In the social aspect, refugee is a serious problem that every country should concern with. Furthermore, refugees will promote the economic development in some extent. Government should accept people because it isan
Refugees are innocent human beings who have been forced to escape their homes. As they face mental, physical and emotional trauma, they face and confront astounding obstacles during their escape from their corrupted country.
The impacts of conflict on women have been harsh, often going through trauma, being displaced and having difficulties forming a household in the areas of conflict. They have undergone several persecutions and there has been a rise in gender-based and sexual violence and thus, they have become primary targets among the contemporary armed conflicts. As a matter of fact, the majority of the world’s refugees and internally displaced persons mainly consist of women and children.
A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war, or violence. A refugee has a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group. (UNHCR). The global refugee crisis has continued to grow steadily and significantly. There are currently 15.4 million refugees and 27.5 internally displaced people (International Organization for Migration, 2011a) Pre-migration circumstances can be extremely stressful for individual refugees who may have lost family members, homes, and livelihoods. In fact, -some research suggests that resettlement period is great challenging
It is also stated that these female minorities typically live transient. This idea relates to the notions of routine activity theory, which states that a lack of social ties make it easier for an individual to be transient. As a result, individuals become vulnerable to victimization due to diminished social cohesiveness. This relates to my paper due to the continuation of victimization towards women who are perceived to be “less” of a human. This ideology directly relates to India’s patriarchal dominance that treats women, regardless of class from a lower
Through thoroughly reading and discussing three given articles, I’ve developed a clearer understanding of this course. Having identified several themes and arguments of the articles, I’ve learnt and enhanced my knowledge on issues surrounding refugees. Prior to have read the readings, my initial understanding of refugees were very limited. For example, as discussed in the first reading, there are several labels given to refugees that ‘supposedly’ reflect their situation. I wasn’t aware of the distinct labels such as: “asylum seeker, humanitarian refugee…” Black 64, given to refugees. Yet these labels are so limiting, that it doesn’t take into account the complexity and experiences of the particular individual, as a result creates a sense of
A civil war was going on in the nation of Afghanistan for many years, and it was changing the whole figure of the country. The constant warfare in the nation vapored someone’s future, someone’s hope, someone’s home, and even someone’s life. It forced the civilians to leave their country to seek shelter in other nations for safety. Consequently, the war produced people known as the refugees.
The Partition of India in 1947 was one of the greatest social upheavals. Massive migrations were chaos as widespread communal violence broke out between the Hindu, Sikh and Muslim communities. The abduction of women was one form of such violence. This act of violence against women was not limited to a particular group, every woman was vulnerable to forced removal from their families, sexual violence – rape, mutilation branding, and later, being passed like chattels from one abductor to another. Subsequently, some of these women were forced to marry their abductors and undergo religious conversions. However, this act of violence did not stop during the state’s recovery operations. Rather, some of them would be forcibly recovered, which meant
Refugees are moving in bigger numbers quicker and more remote than at some other time ever. This is going on when numerous nations are not well arranged to manage a changing demography and when arrangements and states of mind to populace development furthermore, migration are solidifying. The existence of refugees, and requests on the as of now seriously stressed economy, administrations and foundation add to the extraordinary hardship influencing the nearby populaces. In many occasions, refugees turn into an additional obstacle to, or chance imperiling, the improvement endeavors of the host nation. The health, social, and high economic costs might be felt long after an evacuee issue is understood.
Refugees currently have no lawful means to earn a livelihood or to support themselves and their families and contribute to Malaysian labor market economy. This deepens the profound sense of insecurity and trauma that accompanies their forced displacement. It also prevents them from making a meaningful contribution to Malaysia during their stay in exile.
Abstract: The present paper tried to discuss sensitive issues depicted in Manohar Malagaonkar’s ‘A Bend in the Ganges’. It is learnt that Indian freedom struggle became a historical event in the Indian socio-polity but also on the world map. During Indian freedom movement partition took place. The consequences of partition, Hindu-Muslim communal riots, loss of lives to get freedom have been discussed in the paper.
The Partition of India in August, 1947 was a significant event in history that accounted for the separation of one of the world’s oldest civilization into two, independent nations – Pakistan and India. Like many other wars in history, The Partition of India was instigated by religious, political and social conflict. This resulted in violence, discrimination and the largest human displacement in contemporary history. While the Partition was well-studied, much of our understanding was focused on the political side of history, not the human side of it. This was why oral history played an important role in manifesting the complexity of a historical event. Our focus here is Maya Rani’s testimony from Butalia’s book, The Other Side of Silence:
Mukherjee shows this type of refugee most strongly in the character of Jasmine's father, Pitaji. Jasmine's family was forced to flee from the city of Lahore and the life of luxury they livd6)n Lahore my parents had lived in a big stucco house with porticoes and gardens. They had owned farmlands, shops .... In our family lore Lahore was magic and Lahore was chaos" (Mukherjee 36). Pitaji is unable to cope with the loss of prestige and so, instead of adapting to country life, tries to hold on to the remnants of his past. "My father was a man who had given up long before I was born .... Except when it was absolutely necessary to plant or to harvest, he would lie on a charpoy under a flowering jasmine tree all day .... After fleeing Lahore, Pitaji had been cast adrift in an uncaring, tasteless, corrupt, coarse, ignorant world" (Mukherjee 36-37). Although Pitaji never leaves India, he has lost the life he once knew and is a refugee in a new lan$he refuses to adapt t6,