Vision Heterogeneity

There are many ways one can see and understand the world. The way that the school system authorized us to see and understand the world is through a western perspective. However, there is another perspective that we should all see and understand the world as since we live on the unceded territories; we should all see the world an Indigenous perspective too. This concept of two-eyed seeing is introduced by Mi’kmaw Elders Albert and Murdena Marshall from Eskasoni, a First Nation in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia (Martin, D. 2012, p. 31). The concept is specifically introduced and applied to research in science. However, I believe that this concept can be applied to life in general and in the classroom environment.

Eye Vision Inc, a long-standing medical device manufacturer, has signed a contract to sell Holland Hospital the Clear View Laser and a two-year separately priced maintenance plan for $1 million and $0.2 million respectively. On a when-and-if available bais, Eye Vision Inc. will provide software updats that is embedded with the Laser to maintainance purchasor. The software has never been sold without Laser for its functional necessity. In this memo, as explained below, we conclude that:

Binocular rivalry is the switching of perception between two images seen by the eyes simultaneously. Past research has indicated that some substances can affect binocular rivalry rate. In this study, we looked at the rate of binocular rivalry in undergraduate students when they had consumed either alcohol or caffeine, or were in a control group. We found that caffeine significantly sped up the rate of binocular rivalry, but that alcohol had no significant effect. This implies that substances may have an effect on perceptual switching and provides evidence for the different conditions that may affect our conscious perceptions.

The visual system of the cells within the brain contain an area known as the receptive field and is the point in which light enters hits the cell of a receptor (Kalat, 2013). This part of the visual system relies on sensory information, such as light, to either excite or inhibit the cells within the center portion of the receptive field. One of the most significant processes of transmitting information from the visual field is through primary cells of the visual receptors, which include the retinal ganglion cells. In the retina, ganglion cell send information from the eye to the brain. Both the rods and cones within the visual system have a rather small receptive field that connects to bipolar or amacrine cells, of which have their own receptive field consisting of ganglion cells, and then the ganglion cells ultimately make up a larger receptive field (Kalat, 2013).

There exists natural blind spots(BS) in the human retina, a location in the visual field that correspond with the optic disk at the back of the eye, which does not receive visual input due to the lack of photoreceptors there. However, people do not perceive a “hole” in their visual field because the other eye and its corresponding region on the visual field that takes visual stimuli from the same area as the blind spot compensates for the lack of visual stimuli thus the lack of visual field representation there. Dilkes et al patch one of the participant’s eyes to deprive the corresponding area in the retina of the other eye that also receives visual stimuli and excites the same cortical area on the primary visual cortex as the blind spot in

In completing this task, I realized the importance of assessment and instruction. Because I was blindfolded, I was mimicking what it would have been like had I been completely blind. However, if I had some light perception then I would have completed the task a little more differently. If I had limited visual acuity or visual field, then the manner by which I would need to adapt the task would also differ. Therefore, I believe that a functional vision assessment performed by a teacher of the visually impaired would be greatly beneficial. After the assessment, the teacher could provide some recommendations in terms of what adaptations the student would need. Whether the student will benefit from high contrast objects or magnification aids will

For early diagnosis of disorders presenting marked cortical visual impairment, VEPs were considered crucial diagnostic test since advent of EEG and multiple variants to this protocol have come into existence as described below.

Some of the issues that plague individuals with cortical visual impairment are losses within central and/or peripheral vision, inability to perceive depth, sensitivity to light, color or contrast and frustration. Research by Roman, Baker-Nobles, Dutton, Luiselli, Flener, Jan, Lantzy, Matsuba, Mayer, Newcomb, & Nielson states that ‘CVI should be defined, albeit arbitrarily, by a reduction in visual acuity, in the visual fields, or in a child’s ability to see compared to other children of the same age.” (Roman, Baker-Nobles, Dutton, Luiselli, Flener, Jan, Lantzy, Matsuba, Mayer, Newcomb, & Nielson, 2010)

Visual acuity is a screening procedure that is concentrated on the diagnosis of an illness and measures visual acuity. This procedure is often done by the medical assistant in a well-light area or room. “The medical assistant should observe the patient to look for any condition or behavior that could possibly indicate visual distance, such as tilting the head forward or to the side, excessive blinking or eyes watering, frowning or puckering the face, closing of one’s eyes when testing both of the eyes and signs of straining to see. Common devices used to measure distant vision is a Snellen chart. This chart will show the distance an individual can read the chart from. For an individual with reading troubles a chart with letter E’s arranged

supported by a metal drive shaft. The torque engine powering the device is capable of

Low vision – is used to describe a loss of visual acuity while retaining some of one’s vision. It is when a person is unable to read a newspaper at a normal distance, even with the use of glasses. Students with this type of impairment may use large print or able to adjust the light to assist.

For my sensation/perception phenomenon this week I chose binocular disparity. According to Goldstein (2010), binocular disparity “is the difference in the images in the left and right eyes” (p.235). Binocular disparity is the brains way of determining information regarding depth (Goldstein, 2010). Our eyes and brains usually fuse these two images into a single perception and then alters the disparity between the two images into perception of depth, this is called stereopsis. Stereopsis is the visual equivalent of stereophonic sound. Generally the closer an object is, the larger the disparity will be. I had trouble ascertaining the exact cause of binocular disparity, however I do know that brain injuries can alter the way we both perceive and

Visual acuity is commonly referred to as the clarity of vision and is dependent on both optical and neural factors, such as the sharpness of the retinal focus in the eye, the health of the retina, and the sensitivity of the brain. One aspect of visual acuity is the ability of recognizing and discriminating the colours of the visible spectrum of light. There are two types of cells involved in vision: rod cells and cone cells. Rod cells are highly sensitive cells that allow for low-acuity vision in dim lit environments, however they lack the detail and colour information. Cone cells are high-acuity cells that provide colour information in well-lit environments. Rod cells provide more convergence than the cone cells which results in their increased sensitivity but also results in the decreased acuity.

One of the most impressive skills of the human visual system is our ability to identify an individual from a brief glance at their face, which will distinguish that certain individual from hundreds of others one knows. Despite the variations in the appearance of each face as it changes in expression and hairstyle. The ability to recognize human faces is so important in that the brain appears to have an area solely devoted to the task.The fusiform gyrus is the area responsible for this. Brain studies consistently find that this region of the temporal lobe of the brain becomes active when people look at faces. Skeptics have countered that these studies show only an assumption, not proof, that activity in this area is essential for face recognition. Thanks to the willingness of an intrepid patient, a new study provides evidence that neurons in this area help humans recognize faces, and not other body parts or objects.

The use of visual perception is very important in our everyday lives. Male and female undergraduates at the University of New Orleans were tested in their abilities to distinguish the differences in 3 minutes within an allotted time. We found that gender difference sin the task were of low significance.