Visual Cryptography Essay

Advances in cryptography appeared with unprecedented frequency in the 1970’s as strong encryption-based protocols and new cryptographic applications emerged. On January 15th, 1977, the National Bureau of Standards adopted an encryption algorithm as a federal standard, the Data Encryption Standard (DES), marking a milestone in cryptographic research and development. In December 1980, the American National Standards institute adopted the same algorithm for commercial use in the United States.

This paper discusses the history of data encryption technology. It also touches on several aspects of data encryption technology. Furthermore, an attempt will be made to answer several key questions like what is data encryption technology (DET). It will also detail some of the history of DET, how DET affects the lives of people in America, and some of the future implications of this technology.

Sophisticated watermark embedding is a potential method to discourage unauthorized copying or attest the origin of the images.One approach used to address this problem is to add a visible or invisible structure to an image that can be used to seal or mark it. These structures are known as digital watermarks. Digital watermark is a kind of technology that embeds copyright information into multimedia data. Each watermark method consists of an embedding algorithm and an extracting algorithm. The embedding algorithm inserts the watermark information in the data and the extracting algorithm decodes the watermark information. Some methods extract the whole watermark information(decoder) and others determine only its existence(detector), the detection process decides (yes) if the watermark is found and decides(no) if the watermark is

Steganography (pronounced STEHG-uh-NAH-gruhf-ee, from Greek steganos, or "covered," and graphie, or "writing") is the hiding of a secret message within an ordinary message and the extraction of it at its destination. Steganography takes cryptography a step further by hiding an encrypted message so that no one suspects it exists. Ideally, anyone scanning data will fail to know it contains encrypted data (Neijts and Semilof, 2007). The need to keep sensitive information out of the hands of certain people is growing rapidly and for some organisations, it is becoming more of a necessity than ever with the growing rate of internet communications. This report presents both the general information on steganography and the importance of it. The report shows the need to be able to understand how it works, and the advantages and disadvantages of steganography for companies across the world.

The core idea of this image encryption scheme (Tiegang Gao et al.,2007) is based on total shuffling matrix using the Logistic map, and the substitution of the shuffled image with a keystream

In the version of security analysis and experimental results our proposed encryption scheme is fast and on the other hand provides good security and adds very less overhead on the data, this today is the requirement of most of the multimedia applications.

Unlike text memos, picture data have distinct features such as bulk capacity, elevated redundancy, and elevated correlation amid pixels, not to remark that they normally are huge in size, that jointly make established encryption methods tough to apply and sluggish to process. From time to time picture requests additionally have their own necessities like real-time processing, fidelity reservation, picture format consistence, and data compression for transmission. Simultaneous fulfillments of these necessities, alongside alongside elevated protection and elevated quality

Abstract – Conventional password schemes are vulnerable to shoulder surfing attack and many other attacks like brute force attack and dictionary based attack. Traditional alphabetical and numeric passwords have disadvantages from a usability standpoint, and these usability problems translate into security problems.The system combines the applications effectively in a way to transfer data securely. System provides data security with the help of ColorCombination authentication, and cryptography using QR Code Techniques. The universal technique for providing confidentiality of transmitted data is cryptography. The system provides a method to encoding the data using QR Code. The information is mainly present in the Color Strip of 8 bits color combination. In this system data is securely transmitted with the help of 8 bit colors acting as security element thereby providing authentication using The QR Code.

Xiaoheng Deng et al, 2013, they counsel an enhanced picture encryption algorithm established on hyper chaotic arrangement and permutation-diffusion structure. In the permutation procedure, the algorithm introduces plain-text feedback mechanism that makes the permutation result not merely associated alongside the chaotic sequences, but additionally connected to plain-text. And in the diffusion procedure, the algorithm introduces both cipher-text and plain-text feedback mechanisms to diffuse the permuted image. All of these methods make the mapping-relationship amid cipher-text and plain-text as well as hidden keys extra complex. At last, the protection scutiny such as key space scutiny, histograms, correlation coefficients, data entropy, key sensitivity scutiny, plaintext sensitivity, speed analysis. They additionally present sequence evaluation examinations, experimental aftermath display that the counseled picture encryption scheme is of extremely good presentation on protection and reliability, alongside elevated possible to be adopted for the safeguard picture contact applications.[54]

We have also analyzed that without making motion vectors encryption, we can’t get temporal redundancy. Motion vector encryptions are proposed by many authors [4-9]. However, analysis shown in this paper said that 45-50% of motion vectors for each frame are not encrypted. Thus, better encryption method is proposed at here in expense with compression bandwidth. Overall, we have to make the balance between security and increase in compression bandwidth.

We are living in the era of information where billions of bits of data is created in every fraction of a second and with the advent of internet, creation and delivery of digital data (images, video and audio files, digital repositories, web publishing) has spread like fire. With this copying a digital data is easy and fast too so, issues like, copyright protection and proving ownership, arises this causes digital documents to be duplicated, modified and distributed easily. For this reason, researchers have started looking at techniques that allow for copy control of digital multimedia data and enable copyright enforcement. It was realized that common cryptographic methods are not sufficient: cryptography only protects the work during

The main goal of using the Image encryption is to avoid drawing attention to the transmission of hidden information. Storing the critical data in its original format is subjective to many risks. The embedding algorithm is used to embed the secret information in the image selected. Hashing is used to secure the sensitive information.

VISUAL cryptography (VC) is a branch of secret sharing data. In the VC scheme, a secret image is encoded into transparencies, and the content of each transparency is noise-like so that the secret information cannot be retrieved from any one transparency via human visual observation or signal analysis techniques. In general, a -threshold VC scheme has the following properties: The stacking of any out of those VC generated transparencies can reveal the secret by visual perception, but the stacking of any or fewer number of transparencies cannot retrieve any information other than the size of the secret image. Naor and Shamir [1] proposed a –threshold VC scheme based on basis matrices, and the model had been further studied and

Our modern day era faces a never ending problem of securing our most integrated data and messages. The chief problem is to protect our data in a unique way that could only be worked upon by the sender and the receiver. Most of the traditional techniques stresses on keys that are generated by generic function, algorithms or in random key generators. But question remains whether this key is unique and reliable in nature. Moreover how can these keys be unique to one and only one person? The answer to this would be Biometric Cryptosystems. Biometric Cryptosystems are the newest inventions in the field of security. The fundamentals of this Biometric Cryptosystem lies on the very fact that some features of human body are significantly unique to each and every person in the world, such as fingerprint, DNA sequence, Iris, etc. Using those biometric we can generate an exclusive key that will be unique for each and every individual. With these keys we can encrypt our message. And as because these keys are uniquely generated for individual person there’s no chance that there will be another matching key. Hence, eavesdropper or third unwanted parties have to acquire two set of keys which adds up to security level of the encryption and hence protect the message from unwanted third parties from acquiring our secret message.[2]

Steganography is frequently being used with cryptography and offers privacy and security. This paper presents an outline of( text