Visual Impairment

One service user who was blind was hard to settle, because he couldn’t see it was hard to communicate, he was unable to express himself verbally and he was very anxious and depressed. He had moved from Bala where he was brought up many years ago

The United States has many minority groups that face oppression. In the media today, most of the minority issues that are highlighted involve the LGBTQ community, women, and racial minorities. Differently-abled people are rarely given the space to share with the world how they see it. This literature review will discuss terms related to visual impairment, legislative measures taken in the United States to assist those with severe visual impairments, and the oppression and discrimination those who are visually impaired face.

Being blind or partially sighted means losing the ability to see facial expressions and gestures making it difficult for the person to understand what is being communicated. Not being able to read

The research in this paper is to discuss strategies used to teach students with severe disabilities in mathematics. “According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, (AAIDD) Intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. The diagnoses of the disability should come before the age of 18 (Westling, Fox, & Carter, 2015).” Mathematics is a core subject area that can pose a challenge for a large amount of students in America, and especially those with severe disabilities. “According to a study, only a quarter of students with disabilities that

Davis, J. (2013). What Can you do to Help Students with Visual Impairments. Educational News , 26-32.

A medical definition of vision impairment is a sine qua non that prohibits 20/20 vision in one or both eyes (Bowman, Bowman, Dutton & Royal National Institute for the Blind, 2001; Vision Australia, 2015; Webster & Roe, 1998). Examples of vision impairment include, cataracts, which has the lens inside the eye increasingly cloudy; albinism, which is passed down genetically affecting clear vision and causes sensitivity to bright light; optic nerve damage, which affects field of vision as those nerves controlling vision are disrupted; macular degeneration, where parts of the retina that control colour and fine details are affected; retinitis pigmentosa, which is an ongoing reduction of the field of vision available and nystagmus, where the eye flickers involuntary (Bowman, Bowman, Dutton & Royal National Institute for the Blind, 2001; American Foundation for the Blind, 2015; Vision Australia, 2015 ; Baton Rouge Regional Eye Bank, 2015). John suffers from retinitis

Studies have shown special education students who are dual diagnosis will be treated with insufficient care (Jamie & Knowlton, 2007). Nevertheless there is hope and it’s called a visual aid (Jamie & Knowlton, 2007). Research has determined that the different types of visual aid that are helpful with students who are dual diagnosis are icons, comic strips, visual cues, choice boards and token boards for doing a decent job (Jamie & Knowlton, 2007). With seeing that students can be taught using visual aide a recent study was conducted on the effectiveness of using visual aids (Jamie & Knowlton, 2007). The recent study was conducted on children who has been diagnosed with dual diagnose and show signs of mental retardation (Jamie & Knowlton, 2007). In the study there were three specific ideas that the researchers where able to concluded (Jamie & Knowlton, 2007). The first result was that it was discovered that visual cues do indeed help immensely when they are being involved in helping students (Jamie & Knowlton, 2007). The second result was that in addition to visual cues the visual schedules, rating scale and comic strips were all helpful with special educated individuals with dual diagnosis (Jamie & Knowlton, 2007). And the last result from the study was that when a student becomes more satisfied the more they would need to push their selves to the next level (Jamie & Knowlton,

Visual impairment is a state wherein an individual experiences difficulty in seeing or not being able to see anything physical presented to them. According to Mandal, MD (2013) It is a state where a visually impaired person’s eyesight cannot be corrected back to a “normal level”. Visual impairment is often associated with old age. In Europe, an estimated 15.5 million people have visual impairment and in seven countries in Europe, about 50% of blindness is caused by age-related macular degeneration. (Dibb,

After watching the video about Rachel Kolb, who has trouble hearing, the insights I gained were not to put limitations on children who are deaf or have trouble hearing. Educators must give these students words of encouragement rather than bringing them down like one teacher did to Rachel. She mentions that she is more than disabled. She is just like everyone else and is capable to do everything like everyone else. Rachel is a great inspiration to all children with disabilities. She courage’s to go beyond the expectations. Rachel would love to be a writer one day and she states that people do not think she could do it but with her motivation, nothing will stop her. Some of the education considerations described in chapter 11 for learners with

Through the numerous adversities that affect the population of teachers throughout the country, one of the most thankless tasks is the ability to teach those students who have special needs. The subject of math, which is one of the top priorities in education today, within itself, can be quite difficult for those who have no intellectual or learning disabilities. Researching and the analysis of the effectiveness of tools which are readily available, is vital in breaking through to those students who require special attention. Teachers will seek new and innovative methods, as well as strengthen their requirements and skills to adequately perform their job.

The most frequent diagnosis in dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is defined as a progressive, degenerative, neurological disorder that is characterized by destroying memory and cognitive impairments. Dementia is estimated to affect 36 million people worldwide with 60 to 80% of cases consisting of patients specifically with Alzheimer’s disease dementia (Barnett, Leiws, Blackwell, Taylor, 2014).The age in determining whether a person is diagnosed with early or late-onset of Alzheimer’s disease is by the person’s age.

A visually impaired student lives in a small town where he is the only blind person. The student has repeated a grade, reads below grade level, and has a plethora of functional vision. The presence of functional vision makes it seem as if he can complete all assignments using large print. His educational plan does not include large print or braille despite his exceptionality, visually impaired. However, the regular educator understands that the student works better with large print materials. The parents are uneducated about blindness and only know one visually impaired person, their child. They are also unaware of his right to receive braille instruction unless an evaluation determines that Braille is inappropriate. (IDEA, n.d.)

The importance of education for all children, especially for those with disability and with limited social and economic opportunities, is indisputable. Indeed, the special education system allowed children with disability increased access to public education. Apart from that, the special education system has provided for them an effective framework for their education, and for the institutions involved to identify children with disability sooner. In turn, this promotes greater inclusion of children with disability alongside their nondisabled peers. In spite of these advances however, many obstacles remain, including delays in providing services for children with disability, as well as regulatory and

Vision challenge or impairment is when a person’s degree of seeing is very low and the affected person requires assistance in order to carry out daily routine. Significantly, for one to qualify as visually impaired there must be prove that a person cannot undertake duties by himself without necessary assistance. For a person to qualify as a visually challenged, there must be a prove that the affected eyes cannot be conventionally treated. Visual challenge cannot be corrected by surgery, refractive measures neither by medication and that is why it is termed as visual impairment. The most rampart causes of visual challenge are trauma, degenerative or congenital means and a variety of diseases. In the society,

“Pay close attention to each student’s individual needs; provide a curriculum similar to that for sighted students; and expect students to integrate into their communities.” (Hall, 2012). There are many different categories of visual impairments that individuals can fall under. People can have low vision, visual acuity, or total blindness along with others. Visual impairment comes in two ways. Friend (2018) claims “Congenital visual impairment refers to a condition that is present at or near the time of birth. An adventitious visual impairment is a condition that is acquired at birth, either in childhood or at some later point in life.” (P. 359). According to Friend (2018), “Visual impairments result when problems exist in the structure or functioning of the eye, when the eye is damaged through illness of injury, or when a neurological problem prevents communication between the brain and the eye.” (P. 360). Friend (2018) found “Retrolental fibroplasia (RFL) is the condition where too much oxygen is placed in the premature incubator where babies are given uncontrolled amounts of oxygen to assist their breathing.” (P. 357). Stevie Wonder became blind through this particular situation. Visual impairment has been around for centuries, but just as the world advances so does the knowledge of visual impairment.