Visual Information Processing Paper Week 2 PSYCH640

Throughout history, a human being was always reliant on the primary sensory areas. An ability to communicate and contract languages is considered to be a unique ability of human nation as no other species show an equal amount of complexity in terms of the structure and sound combination. On the other hand, primary visual cortex provides a skill set in order to identify the objects presented in the world, the distance towards them as well as to design a set of actions in order to incorporate some items such as a stone or a pen. The understanding of these systems is crucial, especially for those who suffer from strokes and tumors and as a result lost the ability to visually recognize objects or hear other people. This work will focus of the structure

Gibson’s and Gregory’s theories of perception both suggest that eye-retina is important for perception. The both believe that without eye-retina, a person will not be able to see. This is a common view of both of the theories of perception. The idea is supported by the case of SB. SB was a man who had been blind from birth due to cataracts. When he was 52, he had an operation which restored his sight and hence he could see. Thus, this case has shown the importance of eye-retina for things to be perceived. And therefore, supports both of theories of perception which eye-retina is essential for perception.

Not every student thrives in a traditional four walled, 30 desk classroom with a person giving a lecture. Many students feel lost in this learning setting. Agriscience education has the unique ability to reach many of those students who aren’t successful in a traditional classroom. Students have different learning styles. For example, one student might have an auditory learning style which means that he or she learns best by hearing. Another student might be a visual learner which means they learn by seeing. For many who find success in agriscience, it is clear that they are tactile learners. These types of students “are a "hands-on" learner who prefers to touch, move, build, or draw what you learn, and you tend to learn better when some type of

According to research, the earliest experimental change blindness is developed from the phenomena such as eye movements and more on working memory. It depends on the personal attention to the images they perceive (MacWhinney, 2001). Although individual have well informed and good memory on whether or not they have perceived an image, they also have poor recalling ability especially on the smaller details that are presented in that image. This is evidently through presentation of the complex pictures that are stimulated

In Oliver Sacks’ The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, he denotes a “deficit is an impairment or incapacity of neurological function; such as loss of speech, loss of language, loss of memory, loss of vision loss of dexterity, or loss of identity” (Sacks, 1985). The specific neurological disorder that is highlighted in chapter one is Visual Agnosia, which is a deficit associated with poor primary visual processing that affects shape perception, figures, object, face and letter recognition (Serino, et al., 2014). Other subtypes of visual agnosia that also seemed to fit the descriptions that Sacks shared is prosopagnosia, which is the inability to recognize human faces (Shah, 2016), and pantomime agnosia, characterized as the inability to understand gestures (Gonzalez, Mack, & Heilman, K., 1986).

Humans have a unique and wonderful device in how one sees. The eye and brain work together to turn the world into visual data one’s brain can understand and use. There are some eye conditions that inhibit the sight or the recognition of the shapes one sees. Research continues to overcome these conditions as well as to further understand the biochemical reaction that gives humans the sight and understanding one has of visual data. Included in the paper are some of the latest research methods.

Vision is the most important sensory compared to other sensory modality therefore there is a wide range of research carried out on vision. Visual attention is defined as a term that portrays how individuals are able to change their view while attending to an image that is of a normal perspective due to the neurones in the cortex (Carasco, 2011). It is often described as a focal point which is situated with different locations in the region of space (Wright, 1998). Visual search requires detecting a specific target as quickly as possible. For example, trying to find your car in a large car park. By focusing our attention to the specific environment it improves our visual search of the target (Keane et al., 2015). The speed of a visual search

The purpose of this study was to support the dominant view that the visual system is functionally and anatomically dichotomized according to dissociations between the ventral and dorsal streams. To illustrate this hypothesis, James, Culham, Humphrey, Milner, and Goodale (2003) examined the case study of patient D.F., who “suffered severe bilateral damage to her occipitotemporal visual system […], while retaining the use of her occipitoparietal visual system” (James, Culham, Humphrey, Milner, & Goodale, 2003) following an anoxic episode. Lesions to the occipitotemporal system resulted in apperceptive visual agnosia—which is an “inability or marked difficulty in visually identifying an object or picture of an object as a result of impaired perceptual

In Charlie Rose segment about Visual Perception they discussed 4 main topics. The first topic was about the brain. According to the video the brain devotes about 25 percent of its duties to vision. Many people believe that when seeing things it’s just your vision working but in reality the brain is what perceives the images. With that being said the brain is the creative organ that makes sense out of what the eye sees. The second topic was about the eye. According to the video the eye takes incomplete information from the external world and doesn’t fully grasp the information being presented. Although the eye doesn’t completely perceive things the different parts make it possible for the brain to perceive it. For instance, the cortex helps the brain respond to whether a object is horizontal or vertical.

In the following essay an attempt will be made to look at the different perceptual disorders that can disrupt visual perception. Efforts will be made to compare (which by definition is the pointing out of differences and similarities) and it will also attempt to contrast (by pointing out the differences) in a logical and factual way. To do this, it is important to first define what is (a) meant by ‘Visual perception’ and what it is thought to (B)encompass, and the (c) different perceptual disorders that may consequently lead to a disruption in this visual perception. The following account will culminate in a factual recording of the effect these disorders may have on the individual and the resulting disruptions that may occur within visual perception.

In an eye with astigmatism, images are fixated in the anterior of the eye, past the retina, producing equally near and far-off images to seem hazy. This is the main symptom of astigmatism. Other symptoms include; blurry or distorted vision at any distance, sensitivity to light, headaches and locational migraines, excessive squinting (the person is constantly closing his/her eyes), or any type of strain of the eye. The strain on the eye could occur when driving or reading for a prolonged period of time. All of the following are impairments of perception caused by visual impairment; Visual-Motor Integration (eye-hand, eye-foot, and eye-body coordination), Visual-Auditory Integration (the ability to relate and associate what is seen and heard), Visual Memory (the ability to remember and recall information that is seen), Visual Closure (the ability "to fill in the gaps" or complete a visual picture based on seeing only

Partial blindness is the trouble or powerlessness to recognize hues brought on by issues with the shading detecting colors in the eye. The larger part of individuals who are visually challenged can't recognize red and green. Recognizing yellows and soul might likewise be dangerous, in spite of the fact that this type of partial blindness is less basic.

Prosopagnosia, or face blindness, is a neurological disorder that prohibits an individual’s ability to recognize faces. It can occur in several different manners, each with different levels of severity. Some who have it are simply unable to recognize faces of familiar individuals, while those with more severe forms cannot distinguish between objects and faces, or even their own reflection. In some of these cases, it can be accompanied by issues with recognizing other objects such as cars or places.

While it is a difficulty in recognition, it is not a difficulty with vision. Even though a person may not be able to recognize faces, they can still recognize objects and they can see people’s faces. A person with prosopagnosia can see perfectly well, “they just do not know whose face they are looking at and they will not remember it once they look away” (“Meet a Family,” 2006). Although this fact makes it seem as if prosopagnosia affects memory, it is not a disorder that disrupts memory like Alzheimer’s or amnesia. For example, in the case of Heather Sellers, “she can recall names, phone numbers, even a book she has read with ease. But mysteriously, she is unable to recall faces. Even her own image in a mirror throws her off” (“Meet a Family,” 2006). Prosopagnosia is also a highly variable disorder between each person that has it. In some cases, people with this it have trouble recognizing the faces of people they know well like a mother and in others, they just have a difficulty with recognizing people in a movie. A study done by Righart and Gelder shows that prosopagnosics do not have “normal processing routines readily available for faces or bodies” leaving them to have to use a featured based recognition procedure that is different than a typical person uses to distinguish people (2007).

“Pay close attention to each student’s individual needs; provide a curriculum similar to that for sighted students; and expect students to integrate into their communities.” (Hall, 2012). There are many different categories of visual impairments that individuals can fall under. People can have low vision, visual acuity, or total blindness along with others. Visual impairment comes in two ways. Friend (2018) claims “Congenital visual impairment refers to a condition that is present at or near the time of birth. An adventitious visual impairment is a condition that is acquired at birth, either in childhood or at some later point in life.” (P. 359). According to Friend (2018), “Visual impairments result when problems exist in the structure or functioning of the eye, when the eye is damaged through illness of injury, or when a neurological problem prevents communication between the brain and the eye.” (P. 360). Friend (2018) found “Retrolental fibroplasia (RFL) is the condition where too much oxygen is placed in the premature incubator where babies are given uncontrolled amounts of oxygen to assist their breathing.” (P. 357). Stevie Wonder became blind through this particular situation. Visual impairment has been around for centuries, but just as the world advances so does the knowledge of visual impairment.