Visual Response Essay

A medical definition of vision impairment is a sine qua non that prohibits 20/20 vision in one or both eyes (Bowman, Bowman, Dutton & Royal National Institute for the Blind, 2001; Vision Australia, 2015; Webster & Roe, 1998). Examples of vision impairment include, cataracts, which has the lens inside the eye increasingly cloudy; albinism, which is passed down genetically affecting clear vision and causes sensitivity to bright light; optic nerve damage, which affects field of vision as those nerves controlling vision are disrupted; macular degeneration, where parts of the retina that control colour and fine details are affected; retinitis pigmentosa, which is an ongoing reduction of the field of vision available and nystagmus, where the eye flickers involuntary (Bowman, Bowman, Dutton & Royal National Institute for the Blind, 2001; American Foundation for the Blind, 2015; Vision Australia, 2015 ; Baton Rouge Regional Eye Bank, 2015). John suffers from retinitis

There is perfect correspondence between the retinal image and the cellular encoding in V1 (striate cortex), which is completed in terms of contrast and orientation. From there, information from the retinal image is sent forward to distinct regions of the occipital lobe for more complex encoding, called extra striate cortex, including V2 (discrimination, orientation, and color), V4 (shape), and V5 (motion) “(Stevens PH.D., livestong.com)

In this study, experimenters selectively lesioned layers 1-2 (M pathway) and 3-6 (P pathway), then mapped out the corresponding visual field area that suffered the lesions. They found that lesions of the P geniculate layers generated severe impairments in contrast sensitivity and stereoscopic vision at high spatial frequencies, as well as color, texture, pattern, and one of the shape discrimination tasks (Fig x). Lesion to M layers, on the other hand, produced impairment in flicker detection and the two motion detection tasks they studied. Interestingly, they noticed that neither M or P lesions alone led to significant impairment in brightness discrimination, or in coarse shape discrimination. These findings imply that M pathway seems sufficient to preserve some shape discrimination, and challenges the view that P pathway is the sole input for extrastriatal form

Fig. __ Feed-forward projections from the eyes to the brain and topographic mapping. In each eye the visual field on the left and right of the fovea (the cut goes right through the fovea!) projects to different cortical hemispheres: the ipsilateral retina projects to the ipsilateral visual cortex, and the contralateral retina crosses the contralateral cortex (hemifield crossing in the optic chiasma). The first synapse of the retinal ganglion cells is in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), but information from the left (L) and right (R) eye remains strictly separated. The LGN consists of six layers, layers 1 and 2 are primarily occupied by the magnocellular pathway, and 3–6 by the parvocellular. Information from both eyes comes first together

According to current research there are about 800,000 ganglion cells in the human optic nerve (J.R. Anderson, 2009,pg. 35). The ganglion cells are where the first encoding of the visual information happens. Encoding is the process of recognizing the information and changing it into something one’s brains can understand and store. Each ganglion cell is dedicated to encoding information from a specific part of the retina. The optic nerve goes then to the visual cortex and the information enters the brain cells. There are two types of cells that are subcortical, or below the cortex; the lateral geniculate nucleus and the superior colliculus. The lateral geniculate nucleus is responsible for understanding details and recognizing objects. The superior colliculus is responsible for understanding where objects are located spatially. This collection of cells working together is called the “what-where” distinction. The division of labor continues, as the information is further processes. The “what” information travels to the temporal cortex, the “where” information travels to the parietal regions of the brain.

A series of experiments was performed on glass beads and natural clean dry sands under the objective of the current work of performing parametric studies. Therefore, new techniques and methods were utilized to predict the gradation of the natural cohesionless silica sands tested in addition to the conventional geotechnical laboratory experiments, which were carried out to predict the mechanical characteristics of such soils. Moreover, ideal laboratory simulations for the SPT were performed under several particular relative densities, loading conditions, and stress-strain controlled boundaries. Additionally, the obtained results from such series of experiments were stored in digital forms for further processing and analyses.

To begin with, before studying this English module, my skills in presenting information in chart format was insufficient. In this visual literacy assignment, students were evaluated on their ability to interpret illustrations as well as various kinds of data and the presentation thereof in a meaning full way. Compared with the first assignment, I scored the highest mark for this one. However, the course material gave me the much-needed background information on creating a meaningful analysis of vast sets of data. For example, the type of data presented in a pie chart will be different from the data presented in a bar or line chart. This was incredibly beneficial information and provided me a new perspective on the creating of charts. Consequently,

Theme: To describe theme in my video I used numerous pictures and a song that was done by Nirvana in the 90’s since that is the main character’s favorite band. For instance, I used the blonde girl rocking the headphones because Nico has blonde hair and loves music. I used the worn out Chuck Taylor shoes because that's how the character feels, pulled in every direction and tired. The picture of Kurt Cobain displays a lot of things, one of them being that the story is advertently surrounded around him, and his band.

Rendered in this composition are two children warming themselves on a rug in front of a fireplace that emits a warm glow. Their hands are splayed towards the heat absorbing its warmth into their palms. The image is like a snapshot of a moment in time. The fire grate holds a position at the left edge partially out of the frame. A pair of slippers rest behind one of the children and to the far back of the image, blurred, a possible female form lays. This formal artwork created on canvas with oil paint approximately 147 x 110 cm, captures the essence of youth and the bliss of ignorance. The children represented in this painting show no concern with being seen nude. There is nothing for them to hide, they are safe in the confines of their home and kept warm by its hearth. The entire painting itself carries very strong sentiment that’s realism can be felt by the

Sarah Kay uses a lot of "visuals" to add meaning to the purpose of her talk. From the beginning, she uses a lot of speech related hand gestures and body movements to emphasize and add meaning to what she is saying. She uses the visual of one of her earliest diary entries to tell the beginning of her story. She uses it to show the beginning her spoken-word journey and love of poetry. She wants people to rediscover the wonder of life and the want to

Figure 9 contains two ocular dominance histograms of the left visual cortexes (9A and 9B) in which two kittens had a period of monocular deprivation in their right eyes during the first three to four months of their lives. In Figure 9A, both eyes were kept open for thirty months and then the results were recorded, which shows ocular dominance in the left eye (expected based on the research). However, in Figure 9B, following the original period of deprivation in the right eye, the kitten’s left eye was then sutured closed for a complete year, after which remained open with the right eye for four years and ten months. The results of this cat were recorded at age six years and one month. One may expect the results in Figure 9B to show ocular dominance in the right eye due to the fact that the left eye was closed for a longer period of time (roughly 8 months). However, the results instead show ocular dominance in the left eye like Figure 9A does. This can be explained based off of the research that the period of susceptibility ends around the fourth month of life. Because the right eye was deprived during the period of susceptibility, but the left eye deprivation occurred after the conclusion of this sensitive period of cell growth and connection formation, the left eye displayed dominance. This again suggests that the length of deprivation does not necessarily matter as long as it does not occur during the period of

In 2002, Slotnick et al. (2002) determine the retinotopic organization of a patient with congenital dysgenesis and normal visual function. The subject was a 32 year old left handed woman with hemispheric cerebral dysgenesis. She underwent a partial right lobectomy at age 30 for treatment of medically intractable seizes. Detailed perimetry mapping within the central 60º of the visual field revealed normal visual function. The findings show that the retinotopic map of the upper right visual field on the ventral left hemisphere was largely normal in both location and organization, but the retinotopic map of the lower right visual field on the dorsal left hemisphere was shifted in location relative to normal. The most focal aspect of the patient’s

Anyone who struggles with making choices knows how hard it is to make the right choice. Everyday people struggle because of the choices they make in order to correct their life. In fact, it makes people nervous because they have the weight of the world on their shoulder. This shows that even the small choices the woman makes can lead her to hardships in her life. The image uses lighting, speech, and stance to appeal to the audience’s feelings.

Normal vision occurs by a coordinated synthesis of the retinal images into a single brain image. If, however, one of the eyes does not transmit a coordinated or useful image the brain may choose to ignore this image when conducting its synthesis. The region of the

Analyse how visual techniques are used to develop deeper ideas in a visual text you have studied.