Vital Capacity Lab Report

Introduction: In this experiment, cardiovascular fitness is being determined by measuring how long it takes for the test subjects' to return to their resting heart rate. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to "transport and use oxygen while exercising" (Dale 2015). Cardiovascular fitness utilizes the "heart, lungs, muscles, and blood working together" while exercising (Dale 2015). It is also how well your body can last during moderate to high intensity cardio for long periods of time (Waehner 2016). The hypothesis is that people who exercise for three or more days will return to their resting heart rate much faster than people who only exercise for less than three days.

Heart Rate: Where the heart becomes enlarged when undergoing any form of exercise the blood can be circulated round the body more efficiently. This results in a reduction in the heart rate at a given level of exercise as the heart is able to pump more blood with each beat. At the onset of exercise the

Exercise increases the use of energy by your muscles, which activates a series of reactions to create new energy to keep exercising and maintain homeostasis. The first reaction that occurs is an increase in your breathing rate. Energy creation requires significant oxygen. The only way to provide the necessary oxygen is to increase the speed at which your respiratory system is introducing it into your bloodstream. The harder you exercise, the more energy is used, resulting in your body increasing your breathing rate even more to maintain adequate energy levels for balance.

The lungs have a huge blood supply and a huge surface area so they are very effective at getting oxygen out of the air. They are also in charge of getting rid of the carbon dioxide excess and some of the excess water as water vapour. It is the lungs job to get the oxygen and the heart has to pump it around the rest of the body. Energy metabolism; when people are exercising their muscles are contracting and they are using more energy so they will need more oxygen getting to the muscles and my heart

Breathing is known as ventilation; and the act of hyperventilation is over-breathing or taking more breaths in per minute than the normal rate. Hyperventilating is a demonstration of a person’s breathing control center, however it causes stress to a person’s body (Campbell et al, 2006). Blood picks up oxygen as it travels and when exercise is introduced the rate of respiration increases to introduce more blood to the oxygen, keeping up with a person’s lungs. The body still taking in breaths at a higher pace than normal, has a different effect on the respiratory rate and system than the act of hyperventilation. Hyperventilation is less controlled, which is the cause of damage due to rapid breathing that purges the blood of so much CO2 that the control center temporarily ceases to send signals to the rib muscles and diaphragm; breathing continues when the CO2 levels increase enough to switch the breathing center back on (Simon et al, 2006).

The heart becomes stronger as a result of exercise so it can pump blood through the body with every beat and continue working at an easy level. It might be surprising but our heart isn’t really on

 Oxygen - Your breathing rate upsurge and your lungs take in more oxygen whilst inhaling during exercise. Oxygen is deposited by your lungs into the bloodstream and the heart contracts to push blood rich in oxygen to organs and tissues throughout your body.  Nutrient routing - the circulatory system always tries to work competently mainly during exercise. The circulatory system’s top priority during exercise is the working muscles.

In this lab, we will be studying the difference of heart rate between boys and girls. There are many things that can increase heart rate, such as exercise, drinking coffee, taking certain pills, drinking an energy drink, feeling a strong emotion, etc. I have chosen to use exercise as a means of increasing the heart rate of my subjects, more precisely, 20 sit-ups. There are many reasons why your heart rate increases when you exercise, the most important one being that your muscles require more oxygen and nutrients. For this requirement to be met the heart needs to pump more blood to the muscles, hence the heart rate increases.

The heart collects blood that is low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide next it pumps it to the lungs through the arteries. When the lungs expand and get fresh air, oxygen is moved via the alveoli, to the low oxygenated blood, which also sends some carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Now the blood has fresh oxygen in it, it goes to the heart, the heart pumps it through whole body. Throughout exercise, the body is trying to keep up with the demand of oxygen required to maintain homeostasis. To meet the rising oxygen demands from the muscles more oxygen must be moved through the blood vessels.

Therefore, this will decrease the chances of injury during physical activity as they can take more pressure. Respiratory system Increases in ventilation: Minute ventilation is the amount of air a person breaths in a minute. This increases as a response of exercise as the body needs more oxygen to be passed around the body. Energy systems: The energy system is made up of 3 different systems which all work together so the muscles get enough energy to carry out a physical activity.

As shown by figure 2, carbon dioxide clearance levels did increase after exercise in comparison to the resting values and decrease during the recovery phase. Regardless of the change in the measurements, it is clear that there was a positive increasing trend. This trend was expected because as the body’s metabolic demand increases, the levels of excess carbon dioxide (CO2) will increase as a side effect of respiration. As a result, the body will trigger the medulla to increase the depth of respiration, which will result in increase CO2 removal.

TABLE 2: This table represents the lung capacity of people who don’t do exercise at all, their lung capacity was measured with the balloon who after that was introduce into the bucket and water was represented en ml in the table below.

Oxygen is required by the cells to carry out respiration, this provides the energy in the form of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) which is a molecule required for muscular contraction. As exercise takes place, oxygen is used

Anaerobic respiration occurs during prolonged exercise as our heart and muscle use up a lot of oxygen, this prevents oxygen from being transported to the lungs quick enough. The word equation for this is Glucose---- Lactic acid and energy. I

The muscles demand more energy and oxygen due to the increased workload that comes from exercise. This causes the heart rate and respiratory rate to increase in order to provide the required additional fuel to the muscles. In addition, the entire circulatory system works more efficiently due to vascular dilation and cholesterol reduction. By improving the condition of your cardiovascular fitness you are also helping yourself live longer, decrease the risk of heart disease, lower blood pressure, strengthen your cardiovascular system, and the list goes on. These reasons alone could save you from having heart disease.