Vital Capacity Lab Report

FEV 1 (%) will decrease as the airway radius is decreased. FEV 1 (%) is

Introduction: In this experiment, cardiovascular fitness is being determined by measuring how long it takes for the test subjects' to return to their resting heart rate. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to "transport and use oxygen while exercising" (Dale 2015). Cardiovascular fitness utilizes the "heart, lungs, muscles, and blood working together" while exercising (Dale 2015). It is also how well your body can last during moderate to high intensity cardio for long periods of time (Waehner 2016). The hypothesis is that people who exercise for three or more days will return to their resting heart rate much faster than people who only exercise for less than three days.

The presence of fluid in the alveolar space could potentially cause the lung capacity to be effected as well.

The Ventilatory threshold was reached at 5 minutes or stage 3 for patient 92 C. The ventilatory threshold is important because it indicates the point at which the blood lactate acid increases non-linearly. It indicates that there is an increase in the lactate acid level in the blood as well as the excess carbon dioxide (Kenny et al., 2015). The increase in carbon dioxide will stimulate chemoreceptors to increase ventilation. The ventilatory threshold is related to the anaerobic threshold which refers to the increase in carbon dioxide and indicates that the body has shifted towards anaerobic metabolism (Kenny et al., 2015).

The study began with 32 patients having stages II to IV COPD. They had to meet the criteria pertaining to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; total lung capacity >120%, (FEV1/FVC) <70%, FEV1 <80%, RV/TLC >140% and >40% of predicted values in stable conditions. Patients were removed from the study if they had asthma, heart failure, orthopedic impairments of the shoulder girdle, recent surgery, past thoracic fractures, pneumothorax, and claustrophobia.

Data: Pulmonary function testing dated 2010 showed moderately severe obstruction with positive bronchodilators response. Normal lung volumes. Evidence of air trapping. Severely reduced diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.

When trying to determine lung function of premature infants can be quite difficult, the main issue is to ensure the safety of the infant. One of the newest methods of measuring lung function is pulmonary and arterial resistance and compliance test (RC tests). RC tests are two different lung function test that when combined together can determine a thorough understanding of lung function (Okada S. et. al., 2017). One part of the RC test is the resistor-capacitor test (RP). The RP test is used to determine the blood flow through the pulmonary vasculature (Okada S. et. al., 2017). The second part to the RC test are the pulmonary arterial compliance test which determines the the blood vessels elasticity and extensibility (Okada S. et. al., 2017). When the data from the RP and CP test are merged the data can determine the pressure of the pulmonary

Assessment: the patient 's vital signs are 108/68, 125 beats per minute, respirations, even and non-labored at 14 breaths per minute, 92% on 2 liters of oxygen via nasal cannula, afebrile 98.5 F.

My FVC was 5.49 L/min versus the national average of 3.53L/min. My FE1.0 was measured at 5.16 L compared to the average of 3.02 L. Finally, my FEV1.0/FVC % was 94.0% compared to 85.5%, which is way closer in percentage. There is a despriency in the averages because of fitness level and the amount of air flow into the lungs, and pulmonary diseases that may hinder breathing, and muscle weakness. Also, I am currently 20 and the averages groups people from 20-40 years old. This is a huge deviation, which can result in higher values.

According to the Australian Nurses’ Dictionary (King, J, et.al, 2012) COPD is defined as “A combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema in which there is disruption of air flow into or out of the lungs. Dyspnoea, wheezing and cough predominate, often made worse by any exertion or pollution in any environment. Patients may be severely disabled and require oxygen for long periods of time.” The most common cause of COPD is chronic cigarette smoking, although only 25% of smokers will develop COPD of a moderate severity. Others may develop COPD as a result of a normal decline in lung function as age progresses, these patients may suffer airflow obstruction without abnormal inflammatory changes. The airflow limitation results in three different pathological mechanisms: thickening of small airways, emphysema and luminal obstruction with mucus and plasma exudate.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, also known as COPD, is the third leading cause of death in the United States. COPD includes extensive lungs diseases such as emphysema, non-reversible asthma, specific forms of bronchiectasis, and chronic bronchitis. This disease restricts the flow of air in and out of the lungs. Ways in which these limitations may occur include the loss of elasticity in the air sacs and throughout the airways, the destruction of the walls between air sacs, the inflammation or thickening of airway walls, or the overproduction of mucus in airways which can lead to blockage. Throughout this paper I am going to explain the main causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and ways to reduce COPD.

1. For each of the following cases, check the column appropriate to your observations on the operation of the model lung.

Spirometry is the most popular lung function test. The patient performs a maximal inhalation and then forcefully exhales as quickly and as long as they are able. The spirometer measures the volume of the air exhaled by patients. These measurements are taken at two intervals. The first measurement is the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), records the volume of air exhaled after one second. The second measurement is taken at the point where the patient has fully exhaled the volume of inhaled air; this measurement is the forced vital capacity (FVC) (Harpreet Ranu et al.,

Lung capacity is the volume of the most air you can exhale after fully breathing in. Based on that I will experiment with two kind of subjects in order to measure their lung capacity and get conclusions about the

Monitoring of intake and output in order to identify and evaluating the negative balance that is more output than input as evidence of pulmonary crackles, distended bilateral jugular vein and decrease breath sound