Vital Signs Diagnosing Respiratory Rate

2.7 Monitoring physiological measurements it´s important to make sure the individual health status and also necessary after surgery, as patients in intensive care units require continuous monitoring, and sometimes have medications that requires physical measurements taken. These are measurements we take to ensure that they are functioning in the way they are supposed to. When we carry out physiological measurements, such as measuring temperature, pulse and respiration, we are monitoring for signs of abnormality. Then be able to draw conclusions about the health status of the individual and any treatments they may

Breathing rate is measured by one rise and fall of the chest. The best results are after takings someone’s pulse, and when the person being measured isn’t subconscious of it. The professionals usually pretend to carry on taking the heart rate of the client so they don’t realise what’s happening, as the person could start consciously breath and control their breaths.

Vital signs consist of the measurement of patient’s blood pressure, temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and oxygen saturation (Jarvis 2013). They are routinely measured by nurses to gain a baseline assessment of patient’s state of health, monitor for any fluctuations, recognise changes in patient’s condition and to detect for signs of deterioration (Dougherty and Lister 2008 cited in Phillip et al 2013).

I am confident that it is important to recognize the client’s rights and always informed or asked before doing any assessments. Like for instance, taking a vital sign will require to touch a client’s hand and arm in order to obtain a proper pulse rate, blood pressure, respiration, oxygen saturation and temperature. By doing so, I must consider a client’s confidence, trust and especially respect her or his decision to cancel any tasks if a client insist or decline to be touch.

With the patient sitting, the student nurse examined the patient 's anterior, lateral, and posterior chest. Chest inspection allows the student nurse to see visible external signs of respiratory function. The student assesses the front, back, and sides of the chest for any scars, wounds, or lesions. The student then looks for symmetry of chest wall movement and observes the duration of the inspiratory/ expiratory cycle. As seen in patients with emphysema, a prolonged expiration occurs when an individual has difficulty expelling air (Jarvis, 2004). The student then notes the patient 's respiratory pattern and breathing rhythm and looks to see if the patient uses accessory muscles of respiration. In a healthy adult, respirations should occur between 12 and 20 times each minute (Jarvis, 2004).

Ensuring that the patient was relaxed and comfortable I began to take her pulse, using my three middle finger tips to locate the pulse. I did so for 15 second and timed by fore for the next 15 seconds I measured her respiration rate and timed by 4. I did not explain to my patient that I was taking her respirations as looking at her chest may have made her feel uncomfortable and increase her respirations. Her pulse rate ending up being 85 beats per minute and respirations were 15 breaths per minute. These results were within normal range, as her pulse rate was between 80 and 120 bpm and respirations were between 12 and 20 (Tollefson, 2010). The change in pulse and respiration rate can increase during excercise. If a pulse is recorded below 50 bpm the patient can be at risk of a heart attach. A fast pulse exceeding 100 bpm can be a sign of infection or dehydration. This can be detected quickly and appropriate action taken to prevent negative affects on the patient’s well being.

The respiratory system is one of the main bodily systems which function-is to maintain adequate airflow from the environment to the lungs and to provide the oxygen the human body needs to maintain normal function. The respiratory system includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus and lungs. In 1974, the designation “respiratory therapist” became standard, and the role of the respiratory therapist as a health professional is concerned with assessment, diagnostic testing, treatment, education, and patients with problems with cardiopulmonary system. The therapies available for respiratory therapists to perform include aerosol drug therapy, humanity therapy, gas therapy, airway clearance therapy and lung expansion therapy. As

Abstract— Abnormal respiratory rate is considered to be a important predictor of conditions like cardiac arrest, tachypnea and hypervolemia. Estimating respiration rate of an individual using non invasive techniques such as by using Photoplethysmogram (PPG) and Electrocardiogram(ECG) have been widely discussed and several methods have been proposed to extract respiratory rate information from these signals. However, maintaining a high degree of accuracy in measuring respiratory rate has been a problem. This paper uses Autoregressive Modeling (AR) technique and digital filters to estimate respiratory rate from the PPG signal revealing that this technique has better results in term of accuracy and computational efficiency.

Vitals signs is an important component to a patient’s health assessment. The vital signs measured are temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure and pain. It is very important to have a baseline set of vitals for your patient. This way, if any disturbances in their health or wellbeing occurs, you can monitor the patient’s condition, improvement, deterioration, when checking back with the baseline. I first take the temperature of the patient to see if there is any disturbance maintaining homeostasis and if there is some sort of infection. The location of the temperature needs to be noted due to different temperatures ranges in the different locations throughout the body. Pulse is taken while acknowledging the rate, strength and regularity.

Despite its importance, respiration rates are being found to be documented less often that any other vital sign. . This may be due to inadequete understanding of the physiology of respiratory rate and the potential problems that an increased or decreased respiratory rate could mean. (Ansell, Meyer & Thompson 2014). Respiratory rate remains the only vital sign taken manually, without a machine, which could also contribute to why it is inconsistantly taken. Respiratory rate is a highly sensitive marker of patients’ conditions and of early signs of deterioration, and their assessment can help health practitioners detect subtle changes in patients’ physiology and reduce the risk of multi-organ damage, arrest or death. (Smith et al 2011, Cretikos

Health care professionals learn the units of measurement to help understand taking vital signs, scheduling appointment for patients, dosage to give patient, reading prescriptions, and even how to read the instruments that are used to measure. “An example would be to read an instrument that measures temperature, one would be a nondigital thermometer. The nondigital thermometer long lines stands for one degree Fahrenheit and the small lines are 0.2 degrees each. An example to read a blood pressure gauge, each large line equals 10 mm Hg (millimeters of mercury) and each small line stands for 2mm Hg. Taking vital signs such as blood pressure, respiration, pulse, height, weight, and temperature are important in a patient’s chart.” (Chan, P. a.)

The main goal of this specific aim is to design a portable Forced Oscillation Technique device that is small in size and low in cost. The device to be used in the patient’s home to evaluate the respiratory system impedance. The device uses an Intel Galileo2 microprocessor that generates the excitation sound wave signal to the loudspeaker. The low amplitude pressure sound wave travels through a penumotachograph that connects to two differentiation pressure transducers (SDXL005D4) then to the patient respiratory system. To avoid CO2 rebreathing there is a bias resistance that connects at the penumotachograph as shown in fig (1) to allow spontaneous breathing. All calculation will be done within the microprocessor and data will be

Vital signs are measurements of the body’s most basic functions. They are very useful in detecting and monitoring medical problems. There are five main types of vital signs which are temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. They can be measured in a medical setting, at home, at the site of a medical emergency, or elsewhere.

Lung diseases such as Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary (COP) disease affect the airways and cause inabilities to exhale normally. A spirometer is the most reliable tool for lung disease and with 100 million sufferers approximated worldwide [9] has the potential to improve care for significant numbers. Commercially available spirometers for measuring complicated lung functions are bulky, expensive and not suitable for PoC lung disease monitoring. Also the available spirometers in the market require disposable parts. Indeed the development of a mobile free-breathing easy-to-use spirometer for frequent (e.g. daily) measurement of lung status is the key challenge to diagnosis and control of the disease in its early stages.

ABSTRACT: Spirometers are used to measure lung capacity and response of lungs and chest during physical therapy. Current spirometers available in the market are expensive and usually cost over $1,000. Due to this high cost, many physicians practicing in developing countries like India, cannot afford spirometry equipment. As a result, millions of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, are unable to be effectively monitored or treated for their disease. Thus, the development of a low cost reliable spirometer would allow these physicians to assess their patient’s pulmonary health. All these factors led to the development of a product which addresses cost issues as well as technical accuracy[1] . A computer-based miniaturized spirometer system is Designed to be realized which would use a solid state pressure sensor. A proto-type of a Computer based Spirometer system has been realized which would employ a solid state single port pressure sensor. A dedicated analog signal acquisition and processing channel has been designed and tested along with the solid-state pressure sensor. Calibration of pressure sensor for known values of applied pressure