Vitamin B12 And The Diabetes Prevention Program Research

Diabetes is a disease affects many different systems of the body. It can be a devastating disease and with the increasing numbers of people with the disease it is crucial that research in done to help prevent and control the disease. Along with the increase number of patients diagnosed with diabetes type 2 comings with the high cost of the disease. The complications and increasing cost of diabetes has drawn attention to the need for its prevention and its complications. With exercise and diet studies have shown that a diabetes type 2 diagnoses can be prevented or prolonged. Along with exercise to has been shown that nutrition plays a role in managing the prevention of diabetes. Also in the study conducted by the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group that was shown that with people who took metformin before being diagnosed with diabetes had a lower change of developed type 2 diabetes. In conclusion through it is shown that maintaining a health diet, and exercising diabetes type 2 can possibly be prevented and with further research there may be a cure

The rate of diabetes in the United States is one of the highest compared to other developed countries. An estimate of 9.3% of the population have diabetes, of those with diabetes 27.8% have yet to be diagnosed (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). This means that approximately 8.1 million people are currently living with diabetes, but are unaware of it. As of 2012, 12.3% of people with diabetes were 20 years old or older, the largest population diagnosed with diabetes were adults 65 years old or older. 25.9% of this population lives with diabetes (CDC, 2014). On a national level, the CDC have launched initiatives that focus on prevention and disease management. The National Diabetes Prevention Program is an example of one such initiative. This program focuses on lifestyle changes,

According to the United States Library of Medicine, diabetes is a disease that occurs when the body does not make or use insulin correctly, therefore causing fluctuating amounts of glucose in the blood. Diabetes is a disease that affects millions of adults and children from various cultures. According to the American Diabetes Association (2014), someone is diagnosed with diabetes every 19 seconds. The Center of Disease Control and Prevention most recent statistical report indicated there were 29.1 million adults and children affected by diabetes. Those numbers are astounding. Unfortunately, the American Diabetes Association (2014) estimates by year of 2050, one out of three adults will have diabetes. Therefore, it is imperative that adults take aggressive measures to prevent this disease. By the same token, diabetes diagnosed in children and adolescent is becoming more prevalent every day. The American Diabetes Association (2014) reported there were about 216, 00 children in the United States with diabetes. It is predicted that one out three children will be diagnosed with diabetes in their life. The statistics for both adults and children with diabetes are frightening; however, early detection can help lower the risk of developing the debilitating effects of diabetes.

Uncontrolled diabetes can affect nearly every organ of the body; of which, heart disease and kidney failure are most commonly impacted. Known as diabetes mellitus, a collective term for various blood abnormalities, the term diabetes refers to either a scarcity of insulin in the body or the body’s inability to accept insulin. Though the symptoms of diabetes are manageable, many are unaware as to having it. According to the CDC report “2011 Diabetes Fact Sheet,” approximately 6 million people in the United States have undiagnosed diabetes. Undetected, diabetes can become deadly. In a recent World Health Organization report “Diabetes Action Now: An Initiative of the World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation,” it

An increased MVC is a sign of a macrocytic anemia and is typically caused by folate and B12 deficiency, liver disease, hemolytic anemias, hypothyroidism, and alcoholism (Medscape, 2015). The risk factors for this type of anemia are the lack of meat and dairy products in one?s diet, intestinal disease, lack of intrinsic factor (IF), medications such as antacids or particular diabetes type II meds, and having an endocrine-related autoimmune disorder (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Her physical exam is negative, her asthma is well controlled, and she had no other complaints. Therefore, according to her physical exam, she appears to be a healthy young female. However, her lab values of Hemoglobin 10, Hematocrit 30.1, and an increased MCV are indicative of B-12 deficiency anemia. According to Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar Bailey, & Sandberg-Cook (2013), mild cases of this type of anemia do not produce many symptoms, therefore, the complete blood count (CBC) usually verifies the diagnosis. The fact that she is vegetarian puts her at an increased risk for B12 deficiency, due to the lack of meat in her diet. Foods that contain B12 are only attained from animals such as meat, dairy, and fish. A deficiency from B12 from deficiency or malabsorption may not manifest for many years (Hunt, Harrington, & Robinson, 2014). The patient states that she does not drink

It also decreases the amount of sugar absorbed by your intestines and stomach and lowers the level of sugar that is made by the liver as well as helps to maintain it at a normal level. Your metformin medication alone is not likely to contribute to an episode of hypoglycemia however if taken in conjunction with other diabetic medications it could increase your changes so be mindful of the combination of medications which you are taking. Some common side effects is nausea, upset stomach or vomiting and diarrhea other signs of an allergic reaction could be hives, swelling of your face, tongue, lips, and difficulty

Diabetes mellitus type 2, hemoglobin A1c has improved. As noted above, her creatinine did go up to high of 1.5. We did hold the dose of her metformin and when her creatinine did get better, we did decide to decrease the dose to 500 mg b.i.d., given that her hemoglobin A1c was excellent at 6.0. I think we are safe to do this. I would rather have her hemoglobin A1c be higher given her renal insufficiency.

Metformin is a diabetes medicine that helps control blood sugar levels in people with type II diabetes. You will take this pill two times a day in the morning and at night to improve blood sugar control. Remember to drink a full 8-ounce glass of water when taking this medication to assure proper hydration. Your kidney health will be monitored while you take this medication.

Metoformin is a medication used to treat Type 2 diabetes. Metformin is classified as a biguanide and antidiabetic medication. Its therapeutic classification is an antihyperglycemic. Metformin, which is the drug’s generic name, is also known under its trade names: Fortamet, Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Glumetza and Riomet. Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic medication and has three main actions: Metofrmin increases the binding of insulin to insulin receptors in skeletal muscles and fat, which works to improve tissue sensitivity to insulin. Through this action, glucose is able to be transported into skeletal muscles and fat and the body is able to use glucose to function properly. Metformin also suppresses gluconeogenesis, which is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as fat and protein. Metformin also prevents the liver from converting stored glycogen into glucose. All these actions work together to lower the level of blood sugar and also lower the Hemoglobin A1C value, ensuring diabetics have better control of their blood sugar.

PH is a 42-year old, Hispanic man who was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes (Non-insulin dependent diabetes) about 2 years ago. He is controlling his diabetes with diet, exercise, and metformin 500mg BID. He has no prior history of cardiovascular disease, or hypertension; however, during his past three doctor’s visits, his blood pressure was noted to be elevated (145/85, 140/90, 140/85). Currently, PH takes metformin 1000mg BID, has no known drug allergies and no medical insurance.

In this study, there were no statistically significant differences between the age and sex of the treatment and control groups.8 Pre-treatment vitamin B12 levels were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group, but there were no significant

The B Vitamins are recognized for sending messages towards the brain. You would like your brain to function at

Along with that, comparing to Metformin and Sulphonylurea, Metformin actually tends to work best for those who are overweight. This is due to the fact that people who are overweight have muscles and cells that is not effective to the action of insulin. Therefore, Metformin is widely used in New Zealand due to the fact that it can treat the insulin resistance, inexpensive, and very effective compared to other drugs. However, the negative effects is that Metomin can only be taken with food, by means taking the tablet on an empty stomach results the user feeling nauseous. Furthermore, it was also investigated that Metomin is only best used by starting slowly on consuming the tablet per day, instead of consuming a large dose straight away. This is because this can cause and result users to feeling nausea or have diarrhoea. This drug can also be a side effect, seeing that it can cause serious condition called Lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis is caused from both diarrhea and vomiting, which happens when there is too much lactic acid in the body. In this case, low blood sugar is one of the many factors that builds lactic acid or an overdose of metformin that can be fatal (e.g trouble breathing, stomach pain, muscle pain or weakness, cold or numb feeling in the arms or legs, tired and weak, etc.) Although, this is depending on the situation the individual is in.

Vitamin B12 is a water- soluble vitamin that’s main function is to keep the brain and nervous system operating properly. B12 also helps aid the formation of the blood. Good food sources of Vitamin B12 are found in sardines, Salomon, tuna, cod, lamb, shrimp, beef, yogurt and cows milk. Folic acid helps to produce and maintain new cell development, as well as preventing changes in the DNA that could possibly lead to cancer. Folic acid is found in foods such as spinach, broccoli, asparagus, beets, liver, beans and whole- wheat products. When pregnant if women consume a combination of vitamin b12 and folic acid they tend to lower their risk of neural tube defects in their children. In this essay I will review different articles in order to come to the conclusion of when a women is pregnant and takes a vitamin B12 and folate supplement she will reduce their chance of her child having Neural Tube Defects or Spina Bifita.

The present study revealed significant reduction in blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, insulin resistance, and serum total cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Moreover, significant amelioration in these parameters were observed in rats receiving a combination therapy of metformin and alfacalcidol as compared to those given either drug solely. Importantly, all of those improvements have been observed with a dose of alfacalcidol that kept calcium level within normal range, confirming the