Vitiligo

Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder that affects the pigmentation of the skin. Pigment is what gives the skin color and is produced by cells called melanocytes. In the disorder, the body attacks the melanocytes resulting in the loss of color in patchy areas. When the color is lost, the affected area becomes a white irregular shaped patch on the outer layer of the skin. Vitiligo can affect a very small portion of the body or affect up to fifty percent of the skin. The most common areas of the body affected by the disorder include the hands, feet, arms, face and sometimes the genitalia. This illness can be treated but it cannot be cured

The skin disorders that might results from hereditary, congenital, or acquired pathological processes are ichthyosis, bullous diseases, chronic infections of the skin, dermatitis, hiradenitis suppurativa, genetic photosensitivity disorders, and burns.

Humoral and cellular autoimmunity play a huge role in the appearance of vitiligo. Studies have found that are some major key things that play into this disease developing such as oxidative stress damage, autotoxicity, and neurohumoral

Vitiligo is a continual and long term skin problem that causes white depigmentation on your skin. The white patches appear due to melanocytes within the skin dying off. Melanocytes are cells that reproduce causing pigment, if you lack melanocytes then you will have white patches. Melanin, which gives your skin color also protect you from the sun’s UV rays. Vitiligo affects people differently; there is not an exact place where you can have it. You can have it all over your body, hair, mouth, and even eyes.

Melanoma is a serious type of skin cancer, causing up to 75% cancer-related deaths and is usually occurs due to exposure to UV rays of the sun. The chances are increased with sunburn episodes especially during childhood. It developed from the pigment cells known as melanocytes, a layer of cells producing melanin which protects against the damaging rays of the sun. Sometimes, these pigment cells increase in size and become cancerous melanoma. It didn’t show any particular symptoms, however, it is related to the changes associated with moles, gives ‘ABCDE’ warning signs i.e. Asymmetry, irregular Border, uneven Colour, Diameter, evolution.

Vitiligo is a disease of the Integumentary system that causes white patches on the skin, these patches are caused by the absence of melanin. Melanin is the skin pigment that gives you color; therefore, these patches are much more noticeable it darker skinned people. Vitiligo only affects about 1%-2% of the population. Most people who have this condition have it for a lifetime, although there are treatments that may help.

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a disorder caused by a non-inherited mutation of GNAS1 gene. Clinical manifestations of the disorder include one or more of the following: (1) polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (PFD), (2) café-au-lait skin pigmentation, and (3) endocrine hyperfunction, usually early puberty in girls but also may include other endocrine abnormalities like pituitary gigantism and Cushing syndrome. It is a rare disease with estimated prevalence between 1/100,000 and 1/1,000,000. Prognosis is good if it is diagnosed and treated promptly. Most mortality is associated with PFD. Diagnosis may include hormone level monitoring, imaging and GNAS1 genetic testing. Treatment is dictated by the tissues

Skin damage caused by UV radiation from the sun is a major risk factor for developing melanoma and other forms of skin cancer.Studies suggest that variations in the MC1R gene may also increase the risk of developing melanoma in the absence of UV radiation-related skin damage. In these cases, melanomas can occur in people of dark or light skin coloring. These cancers are often associated with mutations in additional genes related to melanoma risk, such as the BRAF and CDKN2A genes. Researchers are working to explain the complex relationship among MC1R variations, other genetic and environmental factors, and melanoma risk. (https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/MC1R).

Levit, E. K., Kagen, M. H., Scher, R. K., Grossman, M., & Altman, E. (2000). The ABC rule for clinical detection of subungual melanoma. Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology, 42(2), 269-274. Retrieved 12 29, 2017, from

Around 10% surprisingly with melanoma have a family history of the sickness. The expanded danger may be a direct result of a mutual family way of life of continuous sun presentation, a family propensity to have reasonable skin, certain quality changes (transformations) that keep running in a family, or a mix of elements. Most specialists don't prescribe that individuals with a family history of melanoma have hereditary testing to search for transformations, as it's not yet clear how supportive this

Skin deformities like vitiligo receive a lot of negative attention also. Vitiligo is a skin discoloring disease that causes lack of pigmentation in certain areas of the skin. Although there are some very expensive treatment options for vitiligo there is no cure for it and it cannot be prevented. People with vitiligo are often referred to an thought of as freaks and many other insulting concepts.

vitiligo can affect at any age (Dash et al., 2015). The disease equally affects dults and children of both sexes; however, vitiligo is commonly reported during stages of active development. About 50% of patients present before the age of 20 and nearly 70-80% present before age of 30. Although no age is immune to vitiligo, the disease is very rarely observed at birth (Reddy,

Pregnancy is not only a life-changing occurrence, but a body-changing one also. Hormonal changes that prepare the body for the evolving fetus can significantly affect the skin, either in a positive or negative way. Unfortunately, for most pregnant women, they are not so lucky in these aspects leading them to have confidence in that the pregnancy glow everybody expresses of is nothing more than a myth.

Today, there are many diseases people have to deal with. Some of them are treatable and some of them are permanent. One of the visible autoimmune diseases is vitiligo.

Each variation of Griscelli syndrome is caused by a mutation in a different gene, however, each variation presents the same hallmark phenotype; hypopigmentation. The reason for this is because the three genes involved (MYO5A, RAB27A, and MLPH) play similar roles in the transport of the pigment melanin. The MYO5A, RAB27A, and MPLH genes all produce proteins that are found within cells known as melanocytes (“Griscelli syndrome,” 2016). Melanocytes are generally found in the stratum basale of the skin’s epidermis and the uvea of the eye. Through a process termed melanogenesis, melanocytes produce the pigment melanin. Within the melanocytes, the proteins produced by these three genes work cooperatively and form a complex to transport structures called melanosomes. Melanosomes are organelles found within the melanocytes that serve as the site of synthesis, storage, and transport of melanin (“Griscelli syndrome,” 2016). When a mutation impairs the normal function of any of the three genes involved in the transport of the melanosomes, the production of the proteins produced by these genes is also interrupted. As a result, the normal transport of melanin within the melanocyte is disrupted, as there is a lack of available proteins, thus, no protein complex for melanosome transportation. Although the transport of melanin is disrupted, melanogenesis still continues within the cell, producing more melanin. In normal protein function within the melanocyte, the melanosomes are transported