Vo2 Max Analysis

This study examined the effects of jump rope training on maximal oxygen uptake (referred to as VO2Max). Previous studies show that “jumping rope can also be used to develop the coordination of neuromuscular skills, muscle strength, and cardiovascular endurance. It burns calories and builds strength in the upper and lower body” (Duzgun, 2010, pg. 184). The researcher hypothesized that these benefits of jump rope training would result in an increased VO2Max. Before testing, a single participant took a treadmill VO2Max pretest. The participant followed a jump rope training schedule for six weeks. After training, the participant took a posttest. The pretest and posttest showed a VO2Max increase of 1.1 ml/kg/min. These results indicate that jump

In this report, I will be writing about the data that was collected from the beep test, which tests the aerobic endurance of the participants who are performing the test. With the results collected I will be discussing the different factors that may have impacted on the participant’s results. Robinson (2010) states that there are different systems in the body such as the skeletal, muscular, circulatory, and respiratory. Despite the fact all these systems are separate, they are all linked together to help the functioning of the body when at rest and during exercise. When the body begins to participate in exercise, during physical activity changes start to occur in the cardiovascular system starts so that it can adapt to the physical

Exercise in general has been known to reep many benefits in health of the body, for example the seven components of fitness as mentioned in ‘ABC of sports and exercise medicine, third edition by Sir Roger Bannister’. (Edited by Gregory P Whyte)

Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are a growing problem around the world today. Not only do diseases such as diabetes and heart disease affect individuals and their lifestyles, they also affect the economy, politics, education and the professional work environment. 20-26% of individuals in the United States live with heart disease, and obesity and high blood pressure compose the greatest factors for developing this disease [20]. Studies have shown a direct correlation between the amount of sedentary time and cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk, regardless of baseline measurements [20]. Thus, increase in physical activity will decrease cardiometabolic risk factors [8]. Several studies indicate a positive correlation between physical activity and decreased cardiometabolic risk markers [2,4,11,16]. However, we now know that an individual who is getting the recommended physical activity per day can still have a large amount of sedentary time.

Maximal oxygen uptake or Vo2max is the highest rate at which the oxygen can be taken up and utilized by the body during severe exercise (Bassett & Howley, 2000). Vo2max is wide-ly used both in sports and clinical practice and its measurement allows us to assess cardi-orespiratory fitness, one of the most powerful markers of health (Mayorga-Vega, Aguilar-Soto & Viciana 2015; Bruce, Kusumi & Hosmer 1973). Vo2max also provides essential di-agnostic and prognostic information for clinical populations, such as patients with heart failure (Sartor, Vernillo, de Morree, et al., 2013).

Each individual will vary depending on their capabilities. Each individuals fitness levels will vary depending on their past experience involving exercise. Someone who exercises regularly, is an ideal weight and eats healthily will have a very different expired air volumes than someone

When measuring VO2max there are two versions that can be used, absolute and relative. Absolute VO2max is measured in L.min-1 and is the measurement used when looking at fitness levels in association to an individual’s body size. Relative VO2max – ml.kg-1.min-1 – describes VO2max when body mass (weight not size) is accounted for by taking the absolute value and dividing it by the individuals’ weight. This method is used when comparing the fitness levels of individuals as, typically, the bigger the individual the larger the heart, lungs and muscle mass are, which contributes to them having a higher VO2max.

Courtney is 26 years old and her height is 67.5 in (181 cm). Her body mass is 148.2 pounds (67.4 kg). The relative VO2max value is measured in milliliters (ml) of oxygen per kilogram (kg) of the body weight per minute (ml/kg/min). Her relative VO2max value is 39.8 ml/kg/min. The absolute VO2max is measure in liters (L) of oxygen per minute (L/min). Her absolute VO2max is 2.68 L/min. VO2max (maximal oxygen uptake) is defined as the maximum amount of oxygen the body can utilize during a stated period of frequently intense exercise.

We hypothesized if an individual has a low body mass index, than the fitness index will be high. If the body mass index of an individual is high, then the resting systolic blood pressure of the individual will be high. Another hypothesis is that there will be a positive correlation between body mass indexes and resting diastolic blood pressure among the individuals. The fitness indexes will show a negative relationship with the resting systolic blood pressure; if the fitness index is high then the resting diastolic blood pressure will be low. The hypothesizes were tested using the statistical calculators to show the p-value and how significant they

It is assumed that because the results are insignificant that a VO2 max test does not affect a person’s pulmonary function. A limitation during these tests could result of the subjects forgetting to wear a nose piece. Not wearing a nose piece would skew the results by increasing the subject’s FVC and MVV. A set time after VO2 max test was not set, therefore, subjects varied on how many minutes it took to complete the pulmonary function tests after the VO2 max test. The sample size was very small and a very specific population. If a sedentary population would have been tested, results may have been different like in Vendala et al. (2013) research. In Durmic et al. (2017) research MVV and FVC were compared between endurance elite athletes and their age-and sex-matched sedentary control group. This study found that there is evidence that exercise may affect spirometric indices that can lead to a higher

The purpose of this experiment was to compare the differences between the cardiovascular variables based on people who exercise on a regular basis as well as those who do not with the crucial end result to see how the effects of exercise can benefit cardiovascular health.

VO2max is the maximal amount of oxygen the body can uptake and use (Kenney, et al., 2012). VO2max is a very important factor when talking about the function of the oxidative energy system. Without the presence of oxygen the electron transport chain will be forced to stop. The electron transport chain turns NADH+H+ and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle into ATP if the supply of oxygen does not meat the demands of the electron transport chain it will stop. Once the electron transport chain stops the Krebs cycle will not be able to get rid of its NADH+H+ and FADH2, resulting with it stoping too. Another by product of the of the electron transport chain is the acidification of the blood. Acidic blood as a result of increased H+ ions inhibits a muscles

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects individuals by causing airflow restriction, impairing their exercise capacity (Ortega, Montemayor, Sanchez, & Cabello, 1995). A VO2max test has the ability to help identify COPD that may not have been apparent prior to this test and can indicate the severity of the disease (Ortega et al, 1995). One metabolic equivalent of task (MET) is the amount of energy used to sit in a chair for one minute which is equivalent to a VO2max value of 3.5ml/kg/min

Mammals consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide as part of their metabolism process in order to maintain body functions. This occurs at all times, both rest and during intense work, within mammals. During times of greater work, skeletal muscles work harder than they do at rest. This in turn increases their metabolic rate and results in a greater demand for oxygen. It has been proposed that fitness training has a positive effect on both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, which effect the maximum oxygen consumption rate during intense exercise periods. I hypothesize that individuals who aerobically exercise a minimum of at least 7 hours per week will have increased fitness, which will maximize their overall metabolic rates and give them higher VO2 max and VCO2 max values than individuals who do not have increased fitness. Ten males having different fitness levels were put on stationary bikes at increasing levels until exhaustion and VO2-max and VCO2-max was then measured from each individual. It was found that there was a slight upward trend between fitness-VO2max and fitness-VCO2max, although this trend was not statistically significant when represented by the T-test values through statistical analysis. Further experiments should be done in the future to verify a statistically significant correlation.

I do not believe that the submaximal tests were accurate. When comparing the relative predicted VO2MAX values, the non- exercise test predicted 2.22 (L/min), the 1- mile walk/ run test predicted 2.62 (L/min), the step test predicted 2.04 (L/min), the YMCA cycle ergometer test predicted 1.83 (L/min), and the submax treadmill test predicted 2.22 (L/min). The most accurate of the submaximal tests was the submax treadmill test, as when compared to the 1-mile walk/run test, the predicted values were the same. For the most part, the submaximal testing predictions varied significantly when compared to each other, which is likely a result of testing discrepancies and error in measurements. To predict VO2MAX, all tests used an equation used for all populations, and is not specific to the client at all (Bennett et al., 2016). Additionally, it is likely that there were measurement errors taken during test such as being able to identify HR immediately after completion of the step test. The test, I believe, to be most accurate was the VO2MAX maximal graded exercise test. Although a true VO2MAX was not achieved, if the client could have lasted a few more seconds on the treadmill, it is likely that two