Volcanos: The Most Important Features Of The Hawaiian Islands

Anpother factor that can have an impact on the level of hazard posed by a volcano is the type of plate margin on which it occurs. Volcanoes occuring at constructive plate boundaries are usually much less violent than those occuring at destructive plate boundaries. This is because the magma produced by plates moving apart is Basic, and therefoe has a low viscosity, allowing it to flow easily. The lava is produced from a central vent or fissure and erupts regularly but not usually violently. Also,constructive plate boundaries are often found under the sea and create submarine volcanoes, such as along the Mid-Atalntic ridge, so pose few threats to humans. As a result, the hazards posed by volcanoes at constructive plat eboundaries is relatively low. However, the subduction of one plate under another at destrctive plat eboundaries can form an acidic magma chamber, due to the build up of intense heat. Acidic magma is very viscous and resisitant to flow, meaning that there is often a huge build up of pressure, which can result in very violent and dangerous eruptions involving ash and pyroclastic flow. This can pose a a serious hazard. Pyroclastic flowsa are extremely dense, containing toxic gases at very high temperatures, and can move at speeds over 100km/h. The consequences of such an unpredictable hazard can be extremely seruous

Volcanoes can be found throughout the entire world and are formed when there is a rupture in the mantle of the Earth's crust. This effect allows the output of volcanic lava, ash, and various types of gases. These tectonic plate breaks are normal, the planet Earth is divided into 17 tectonic plates and consistently move against each other forming shifts from low to high intensity. It can cause displacement of earth or water.

The basic theory of plate tectonics says that all volcanic activity should occur between lithosphere plates (Physical Geology). However, the Hawaiian Islands bend this rule by being located directly in the middle of the Pacific plate. The Hawaiian volcanoes are known as intraplate volcanoes. This may not seem possible because it disrupts the rule of plate tectonics, but there’s the exception of a hot spot. T. Wilson suggested that the Pacific plate moved in the northwestward direction over a melting spot deep within the mantle, and this hot spot remained relatively stationary and supplied magma to the moving Pacific plate to form the Hawaiian Island chain (Volcanoes in the Sea). In order to prove this suggestion, the structure of the Hawaiian Islands must be in line with a hot spot origin. This will be

The Earth’s outer crust is made up many tectonic plates that move over the surface of the planet. When the plates come collide, volcanoes will form sometime (National Ocean Service). Volcanoes can also form in the middle of a plate, where magma rises upward until it erupts on the sea floor, at what is called a “hot spot” (National Ocean Service). A hot spot is a plume of magma or molten rock that rises from within the Earth then reaches the surface forming underwater volcanoes which may grow tall enough to

Mark Twain once described the Hawaiian Islands as “The loveliest fleet of islands that lies anchored in any ocean”. Hawaii is the most unique of the states of America. To further understand the geography of Hawaii, one must understand how Hawaii was formed, how Hawaii was populated, and understand what Hawaii came to be today.

Mount Vesuvius, like most volcanoes was created through the interactions between continental plates. Mount Vesuvius was formed 17,000 years ago through the convergence of two tectonic plates, the African plate and the Eurasian plate. Vesuvius is located above a subduction zone in which the African plate is being subducted by the Eurasian plate (Ball). The African plate has been subducted at a rate of about one inch every year. This type of interaction between converging plates is responsible for creating volcanoes (Figure 1). This created a submerged deep ocean volcano in the Bay of Naples. Later, Mount Vesuvius emerged from the ocean as an island. However, over time it was connected to the mainland due to buildup of deposits from its eruptions.

Roughly seventy million years of volcanism, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, displays a fascinating world of biological diversity, rich, distinct Hawaiian culture, and past history. The park is located on the Island of Hawaii, 96 miles from Kailua-Kona and 30 miles from Hilo. It was established in August of 1916 as Hawaii National Park, and on 22 Sep 1961, it was renamed Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The park encompasses 230,000 acres and ranges from sea level to the summit of Mauna Loa at 13,677 feet, the world’s largest volcano. It is also home to the world’s most active volcano, Kilauea, which offers scientists insights on the birth of the Hawaiian Islands and features dramatic volcanic landscapes. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park was established

A particular vulcanologist, Frank Trusdell who is working for the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Obsevatory (HVO), have been studying the historic eruptions of Mauna Loa for the past 3 decades. Trusdell mentioned that Mauna Loa erupt at a long term average of once every 6 years. Currently, there are not much activity by comparing the seismic activity in 1980-1984 to 2011-2014. When a volcanic eruption is imminent, the HVO will alert the Hawaiian emergency management agency and civil defense officials in full emergency mode. Necessary evacuations will be organised for residence and so as broadcasting live alerts through TVs and radio stations. Also, status, reports and HVO websites of the volcano’s activity will also be constantly updated to make sure

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is known for their six wondrous active and non-active volcanoes, Mahukona, Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea, Hualalai and Kohala. Mahukona is actually the first volcano that started building the Big Island of Hawaii, but has been inactive for 350,000 years. Kilauea is the youngest and the most popular active volcano on the Big Island, it has been continuously erupting since 1983 and it is the best and the most reliable active volcano to see in the world. Since 1952 there has been 36 different eruptions from the Kilauea volcano, and 90% of its surface is still less than 1000 years old. Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano on earth, it is as big as 56,000 ft. above its base. The Mauna Loa has erupted 150 times in

The Kilauea Volcano is the youngest and most active Hawaiian shield volcano. This volcano is located on Hawaii’s Big Island. The volcano is part of the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Kilauea is 300,000 to 600,000 years old. The native people from the Polynesian Islands discovered Kilauea. The other four volcanoes of Hawaii are Kohala, Mauna Loa, and Mauna Kea.

Kilauea volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Kilauea means spreading or spewing for its frequent lava flows (USGS, 2014). It is a shield volcano that locates on the southern of the Big Island in the Hawaii island chain at 19o25’16” N-155o17’13” W with the elevation of 4190 feet above the sea level. The island chain forms by the movement of the Pacific plate over the stationary hot spot (Bagley, 2014). Kilauea is the youngest volcano due to its location on the most southern where a hot spot is very active (Volcano discovery, 2014).

Along long time ago there was two volcanos that lived in Hawaii. One lived above the sea and the other lived underwater. He sat high above his bed watching all the couples bed. Wishing he had someone to. From his lava came this song of hope that he sang out love everyday for four years to come.

Volcanoes in Hawaii are dangerously spewing lava into the sea. People who live in the area like tour guides need to avoid the danger it brings. “Tour boat captains whose vessels cruise along the shoreline are constantly watching the cliffs and lava to keep their passengers safe.”(Jones) The area is constantly changing because if the lava making new landforms so locals have to keep an eye out. The workers who work at the park need to keep an eye on the tourist. “On land, the National Park Service is responsible for the safety of visitors along the shore. It has restricted the areas that people can enter to view the flow.”(Jones) By being around this area is extremely dangerous, but people curious mind always gets the best of them.

The volcanoes in the north-south trending cascade province evolved through subduction, addition of exotic terranes, and oblique plate movements. The North American plate edge was located farther east during the Mesozoic era. However subduction created microcontinents and microplates which shifted the plate edge westward.

New Zealand is located on the plate boundary of the Indo-Australian and Pacific plate. The Pacific plate subducts underneath the Indo-Australian plate as it is denser, which due to internal processes, has resulted in a large amount of volcanism seen mostly in the central North island. The Pacific plate collides with the Indo-Australian plate at a rate of approximately 40-50mm per year (University of Otago, 2016). As it subducts and the oceanic lithosphere reaches a depth of approximately 100km below the earth’s surface, it melts due to heat and friction with the aid of water which helps lower the melting temperature. The magma then rises through weak spots in the earth’s crust, emerging as lava in eruptions where it then cools and hardens (Tarbuck et al., 2012). Over time, the accumulation of cooled lava flows forms the hill/mountain shape of the typical volcano, such as the andesitic Stratovolcano cone of Ngauruhoe, located in the Tongariro volcanic centre. However, calderas and volcanic fields also contribute to the range of volcanoes seen throughout New Zealand’s active volcanic zones.