Voltaire : Contribution To The Enlightenment And The American Revolution

The Enlightenment greatly affected colonial thinking regarding the religious, political, and governmental processes in America. It was an intellectual and scientific movement of the 17th and18th century which was characterized by the scientific approach to religious, political, social, and economic issues. During this time, many philosophers were influenced, by which in turn greatly affected the colonies. Next to promoting human reasoning which eventually led to America’s independence from Britain, it also influenced American life directly in the colonies. Many ideas of the Enlightenment can be found in the shaping of the Unites States in its formative years. It

    Candide on the surface is a witty story. However when inspected deeper it is a philippic writing against people of an uneducated status. Candide is an archetype of these idiocracies, for he lacks reason and has optimism that is truly irking, believing that this is the best of all possible worlds. Thus Voltaire uses a witty, bantering tale on the surface, but in depth a cruel bombast against the ignoramuses of his times.

The philosophical works of Voltaire, such as Candide, influenced the beginning of the French Revolution, promoting new ideas and concepts. Voltaire used both wit and sarcasm to prove his points against injustice and cruelty. Voltaire was exiled to England for many years, and while there, he became influenced by the English government systems, associated himself with Sir Isaac Newton, John Locke, and Sir Francis Bacon. Voltaire wrote many well known works, but Candide is the most widely read and considered to have the most profound impact on the French Revolution. In Candide, Voltaire uses his character Pangloss to imitate the extreme ways of Alexander Pope, another

Some of the leaders of the American Revolution were influenced by Enlightenment ideas which are, freedom of speech, equality, freedom of press, and religious tolerance. American colonists did not have these rights, in result, they rebelled against England for independence. In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson wrote about American's natural rights to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." These ideas came from the Enlightenment, the ideals led towards the American Revolution soon after (Fisk). "The American Revolution must be considered as an anticolonial war for independence, not only a war of liberation from overseas rule but a war for freedom. The American Revolution was a movement to fulfill aspirations to acquire more property" (Morris, 3).

During the eighteenth century a group of French writers and critics known as the Philosophes favored change and reform. They believed in the power of the human mind, which was an idea that was inspired by the Scientific Revolution. The philosophes had faith in the power of rational criticism to challenge the tradition of the past. They also sought to apply the rules of reason and common sense to nearly all major institutions and social practices. The philosophes proposed a new kind of organized religion, a social religion which encouraged harmony and tolerance while strengthening the bonds of moral obligations within society. One of the major French philosophes during the eighteenth century was Voltaire.

After 1688, England became a constitutional monarchy under the rule of Mary and William. English society evolved from embracing the absolute monarchy to one that introduces new thought processes and beliefs. In Voltaire’s Letters on England, he contributes the development of England to its respectable regards toward religion, governmental systems, and scientific advancements. He contrasts these practices with those of the less respectable Frenchmen, and reveals the different outcomes of the two nations.

To begin, the main objective of enlightenment was to development the society using reasons, and stimulating the rational though. Enlightenment, also, created a path for independent thought, on the areas of physics, mathematics, politics, economics, and medicine. John Locke made a huge impact on the America colonist by stating the natural rights of life, liberty and property. The most important federal papers were the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. In 1776, the Continental congress declared the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence is extremely important because Americans were stating that they were able to hold their own grown and did not need any of Great Britain’s laws.

Enlightenment thinkers, also known as philosophers had a major impact on the American and French Revolution. Philosophers from the 1700s influenced the making of two documents known as United States’ Declaration of Independence and France’s Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens. The Declaration of Independence is a document that was written in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson. It reflects the beliefs of enlightenment philosopher, John Locke. Written in 1793 by Marquis de Lafayette, the Declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen was influenced by the beliefs of Voltaire, another Enlightenment thinker. John Locke didn’t like the idea of absolute monarchy. He favored the idea of self- government and equal rights. Locke believed that the

The Enlightenment Era, an intellectual movement based on reason, was the most influence to the American Revolution uproar. The Enlightenment thinker John Locke was by far the most efficacious in providing the Americans, who were still under the control of Great Britain this time, an insight of their own rights. Every person is supposedly born with the natural rights of life liberty and property. Locke said that if the government didn't protect the people's natural rights, then those people had the right to rebel. The Americans decided to rebel against the British, and thus caused the Revolution How did the enlightenment influence the American political

The enlightenment lead by great minds including but not limited to Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jacques Rousseau, and Baron de Montesquieu. These men helped build and popularize the theory of social contracts, limited government, the consent of the governed, and separation of powers. John Locke’s writing sparked the concept of a republican philosophy that put the tyrants of the time in the spotlight for questioning. Republicanism is based on the ideals that all men are created equal and no king has divine right to rule. These innovative ideas pushed a third of the colonists to support the rebellion and a third of the population to stay neutral.

“It is demonstrated that things cannot be otherwise: for, since everything was made for a purpose, everything is necessarily for the best purpose.” (Candide pg. 16) The book Candide, by Voltaire, serves as a significant reference to the ideas that came about during the period of the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution. Some of the ideas, characteristics, and events that happened throughout these periods are made reference to in Candide. I am going to discuss those ideas, how they relate to Voltaire’s work, and its historical significance.

of The Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was revolutionary because of Voltaire, a writer that used his ideas to attack the established Catholic Church, and to propagate the freedom of religion, scientific thoughts, skepticism and experiential philosophy.

The Age of Enlightenment was a philosophical and an intellectual movement that took place in Europe during the 18th century. From the 1600’s to the 1800’s, philosophers opened a path for independent thought and there were many advances in the scientific, political, economic, and mathematical realms. Many ideas were transpiring and people began to “mature,” becoming less dependent on others. This time is known for four major components: the idea of freedom of thought, rationality, progress and humanitarianism. Philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant, and Voltaire were all major minds that contributed to the Age of Enlightenment. Voltaire, the author of Candide, wrote about the positives and negatives impacting a person’s life. The plot of the novel revolves around Candide’s journey to find Cunegonde, the supposed love-of-his-life. Throughout the novel, characters face highs and lows, such as becoming rich, being scammed, and forced into exile. Using Candide’s life and the lives and philosophies of minor characters, Voltaire satirizes aspects of the Age of Enlightenment, especially the idea of rationality.

Voltaire’s Letters on England is a collection of written documents that Voltaire wrote between 1726 and 1729 on his experiences he had while staying in England. After its publication in French in 1734, many people of French ethnicity saw it as a bashing of the French government, and even a little bit on the Catholic religion. Voltaire does seem to be fairly favorable towards the English in his letters, which is understandable after he was exiled in his homeland of France multiple times. In many cases Voltaire saw in England what he wished to see in France. In England, Voltaire saw a land with a more tolerant government, and freedom of religion as compared to France, which he saw as cruel and oppressive. Voltaire goes into detail,

During, the period of the eighteenth century to the nineteenth century the europeans held a strong belief in scientific proof. The belief in scientific proof is associated to the Age of Enlightenment. The Age of Enlightenment refers to a period in europe in which people thought their beliefs should depend on reason and scientific proof.The idea of the Enlightenment came upon on an idea of Enlightenment Philosophers. The Age of Enlightenment is referred to a “ set out by means of reason and direct observation to discover the fundamental laws governing nature, humanity, and society. The philosophies believed that such discoveries would free the world from tyranny, violence, and instability” (Davis et al.17). But, besides the age of enlightenment being important it influenced writers in that time period. During, the enlightenment close to the eighteenth century the ideas were more associated with reason and rationality and sociability. But, closer to the nineteenth century the authors demonstrate a change in their writing by demonstrating a change to romanticism. Romanticism deals with feeling, imagination, and individualism.One, text that demonstrates the idea of the enlightenment is a story written by Voltaire on a character named “ Candide”. The story deals with an optimist man who is guided by an unwise philosopher named “Pangloss”. The philosopher guides candide with his unrelevant theories in which are not relevant to the real world. The second text deals with a