Vorinostat Case Study

It has broad variety of anti-tumor activity and forms the backbone of combination chemotherapy regimes presently

In vitro: Crizotinib (PF-02341066) potently inhibited c-Met phosphorylation and c-Met-dependent proliferation, migration, or invasion of human tumor cells in vitro. In addition, crizotinib potently inhibited HGF-stimulated endothelial cell survival or invasion and serum-stimulated tubulogenesis in vitro, suggesting that crizotinib also exhibits antiangiogenic properties [1].

This type of therapy is often used as a means to treat hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, bone metastases from prostate and breast tumors, as well as other types of cancer and diseases. It can be used alone or in combination with other therapeutic means of medicine, such as surgery or chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is used in the treatment of approximately 40% to 60% of patients who are diagnosed with cancer (Errors in Radiation Therapy, 2009). In many cases, the

The journal article describes the data that was collected by the recent test of the drug, Rociletinib. The drug is described as a new development that has potential for treating the advanced cancerous tumors. The specific tumors that were analyzed had already developed a resistance to the medicine. Its clinical trials were done on a sample size of 130 patients. The 57 patients of the study that received the drug showed positive results in their treatments of NSCLC.

The patient’s case discussed at the lung MDT, decision was for concurrent chemoradiotherapy. I will be discussing evidence for concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT )in NSCLC versus sequential chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy( RT)alone .

Even though Simoncini has lost his practicing license and is fighting to get it back. However, dozens of clinics and hospitals that still implement the cancer fight tactics that he used. They way in which Simoncini treats cancer is by bringing the sodium bicarbonate in direct contact with the tumor. A treatment cycle is only six treatment, then 6 days off, this is repeated four times. The side effect of this treatment includes thirst and weakness.

In Conclusion, there are many options to treat and cure thyroid cancer such as medications, surgery, radiation treatments and much more. Thyroid cancer treatments depend on the type and stage of your thyroid cancer, and your preferences. Most cases of thyroid cancer may be cured with the treatment of radioactive iodine. The use of radioiodine is safe and effective for treating thyroid cancer. If you’re diagnosed with thyroid cancer, it is best to go to a doctor. He or she will have many options in treating your thyroid cancer that is best and right for

into extensive metastasis, the prognosis for the patient is very poor, as treatment of multiple

For patients with (m RCC), the prognosis is extremely poor, which makes the occurrence of (m RCC) a serious problem for oncologic health care around the world.

Patients at early stages of cancer, pre metastasis, can often be cured by surgically removing the tumor. On the other hand, Patients with progressed cancer, which has metastasized, must be treated with systemic therapies. Common therapies used today are radiation and chemotherapy. Although in some cases these treatments are effective in removing tumors, they are not entirely selective towards cells within the tumor and are toxic to the patient. A relatively new approach towards cancer treatment is targeted therapy; drugs which inhibit specific molecules involved in tumor development. These drugs are more specific towards tumor cells and less damaging to normal cells [R]. Although Initial therapeutic responses to targeted therapy drugs are promising, many patients will experience regrowth and progression of the tumor within several months following treatment [R, A]. Typical detectable metastatic lesions are expected to contain hundreds of cells resistant to the drug before the start of treatment. These cells would then expand during treatment, repopulate the tumor, and cause treatment failure [R]. Along with preexisting mutations, these targeted therapies put massive selective pressures on the diverse cell populations of the tumor which drive the tumor cells by natural selection to select mutations that cause resistance. This resistance could result from several different processes of which genetic alternation in the drug targets and development of

These mechanisms include an increase in insulin sensitivity, regulation of growth factor signaling, an increase in adiponectin and prevention of inflammation. Energy restriction can also directly by targeting the neoplastic cells and reducing the net energy status particularly the glucose metabolism thus reducing the metabolism of the transformed cells because the majority of tumor cells rely on glycolysis. The introduction of energy restriction and its maintenance over an extended period brings a significant improvement in the hormonal aspects that may reduce cancer. The acute effects of energy restrictions on the serum concentration of insulin, IGF-1 and other cancer-related factors that circulate in the serum require further study. Studies of the metabolic effect and acceptability to energy restriction intervention need to be undertaken. Energy restriction-mimetic agents such as thiazolidinediones prevent cancer by depriving cancerous cells energy. Although such agents offer therapeutic advantages against the proliferation of malignant cells, more study is required to investigate their effect on the normal cells to ensure that they do not interfere with the normal cell

The current treatment algorithm includes active surveillance for small incidental masses, surgical resection for curative resectable masses and systemic therapy with or without cytoreductive surgery in patients with systemic disease. Despite primary tumor resection with curative intent 20% to 40% of patients experience relapse and have poor prognosis with limited long-term survival. Approximately 20-30% of patients are diagnosed at the metastatic stage of disease.(9,10) Six targeted agents for treating advanced or metastatic RCC are now approved and in clinical use. Three are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including sunitinib, pazopanib, and sorafenib. TKIs could improve the overall survival of RCCpatients(11). Other agents include an

Chemotherapy is used to destruct the growth of cancer cells by preventing them from dividing and growing, more specifically, it works by induction apoptosis (Nordqvist 2015). Most anticancer drugs tend to activate the inactivated apoptosis pathway or modify detective apoptosis genes such as cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (Hassan et al. 2014). Cisplatin is platinum drugs (Rafi 2006:48). While 5-FU is antimetabolites drugs (Rafi 2006:51). Those two drugs are considered the first-line therapy for cancer (Haydon 2015).

Pryma and Mandel also examined radioiodine as a, “prototypical theranostic agent permitting both imaging and therapy”18. The researchers are hopeful that the therapeutic refinement of RAI treatment will permit decreased (or absent) dose (and decreased toxicity) in the patients who are destined to do well, increased dose in the patients who will benefit from treatment, and more appropriate discontinuation or modification of therapy in those unlikely to benefit from single-agent radioiodine therapy18. It is important to note that in clinical trials for patients with iodine-refractory disease, radioiodine is still highly effective in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer and should still be used18. Overall, the future of therapy in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer is likely to include multiagent treatment18.

An antimetabolite, 5FU is a pyrimidine analog that irreversibly inhibits TS. Thymidine is a nucleoside and a major component of the DNA and is hence required by cells for proliferation. Deoxyuridine monophostate (dUMP) upon methylation by TS generates thymidine monophostate (dTMP). 5FU interrupts the activity of TS and creates a shortage in the levels of dTMP. Thus the rapidly proliferating cells undergo death due to lack of thymidine nucleoside. The drug has successful applications in colorectal and breast cancers and is used in various combination therapies with methotrexate (Maddur et al., 2009). The concentration used for the experiments is 10 µM