Vulnerabilities Are Known As Security Holes That Exist

(Conclusion) To conclude, Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks requires one computer and one internet connection to overload a server’s bandwidth and other resources with TCP/UDP packets.

Threat: Denial of Service is the interruption of service on a device that prevents legitimate users from accessing it. A common source of this type of attack is from malicious agents. This is a threat because of the importance of the server to this small investigation business. Since this is where clients upload their evidence, it must always perform at its optimal capability. With this in mind denial of service attacks becomes a great threat, as the opposing party in a case will benefit from evidence not being not being uploaded to the attorneys (OWASP Top 10, 2015).

What are Denial-of-service attacks? According to the Homeland Security's website, it is an attack that prevents the user from accessing information or services, usually by overwhelming the system. "By targeting your computer and its network connection, or the computers and network of the sites you are trying to use, an attacker may be able to prevent you from accessing email, websites, online accounts (banking, etc.), or other services that rely on the affected computer." (McDowell) A distributed denial-of-service attack uses a main host to infect and overwhelm other computers on the same network. Of course, there is no way to completely prevent an attack, but there are ways to reduce the change of getting these attacks. Some good habits are to keep the anti-virus software updated, install a firewall, and to have strong email spam filters. Additionally, regularly keeping backups of important files is always a good idea. If a user falls under this attack, they can contact a DOS Specialist or contact the appropriate Internet Service

Denial of Service attack (DoS attack) are attacks making the computer unusable and the programs unavailable as systems flood a user’s bandwidth Historically, a computer system is overloaded with false requests and data, causing the system to go into shock and crash. The multiple attacks from different IP addresses, sometimes thousands, making it hard for the computer to pinpoint the source. Used in large and layered networks, using multi-threaded OSI layered attacks and a pre-scanned reconnaissance usually disguised as legitimate traffic, the malware infiltrates databases and destroys resources. Causing the unavailability of websites and/or dramatically slow processing. The first known use of DoS attack was done by Khan Smith in 1997,

The denial of service attack has become prominent against banks. The sinister attack claimed two victims and they were banks. According to Wells Fargo bank and PNC bank customers slow internet traffic when trying to access their online accounts. This was due mainly to an unusual high amount of traffic causing slow internet access to the banks website. Wells Fargo and PNC both launched an investigation into the incident that was annoyance for the most part to customers trying to conduct business online. Their findings were that a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack against both banks causing a disruption in service to customer. According to Koga, Okazaki, Watanabe, and Park (2011) denial of service poses security problems on the internet. They recommend that countermeasure should take place to trace the attackers and stop the attacks (p. 29).

Technological vulnerabilities: Various types of network equipment, such as routers, firewalls, and switches, have security weaknesses that must be recognized and protected against. These weaknesses include the following: Password protection, Lack of authentication, Routing protocols, and Firewall holes.

1. Carrying out denial of service attacks - Deliberately overloading systems and network devices or re-directing network traffic.

A simple DoS attack can be implemented by sending a multitude of simultaneous requests to a service which will saturate with network flows making it impossible for the server to answer the entire request. The attack continues to plague the internet protocol (IP) networks. DoS can result in significant loss of time and money got many user and organizations (Perrig & Song, 2001).

DDOS is a type of DOS attack where multiple compromised systems -- which are usually infected with a Trojan -- are used to target a single system causing a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. Victims of a DDoS attack consist of both the end targeted system and all systems maliciously used and controlled by the hacker in the distributed attack.

In Denial of Service access to network applications or data is denied to intended users. Denial of Service may be invoked through many techniques. The most common technique is overload of server resources such as memory and CPU by flooding the network with database queries that ultimately cause the server to crash

Denial of service (DoS)- This type of attack occurs when a hacker overloads a server or network device with numerous IMCP (Internet Control Message Protocol) ping requests, such that it is unable to respond to valid requests. By updating to the latest service pack and applying security patches, you can minimize the threat of DoS attacks by reducing the vulnerabilities in the TCP/IP network protocol. Although disabling ICMP can remove valuable troubleshooting tools, it can effectively remove the possibility of DoS attacks. Also, any firewall or security software should be configured to recognize and block these attempts if possible.

DDOS stands for distributed denial of service attack. When you want to watch an online TV episode, before you can actually watch it there is usually a box that has a lot of jumbled up numbers and letters. They usually ask you to

A recent increase of application layer Denial of Service attacks (DoS) on the Internet has swiftly shifted the focus of the research community from traditional network-based denial of service. Denial of Service (DoS) and the associated Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) are simply an attempt by cyber-attackers to exhaust the resources available to a network, application or service so that genuine users cannot gain access. Cyber-attackers find application-layer most vulnerable and are able to device more creative methods of attack, are able to recruit other zombie systems referred to as botnets to amplify their attacks and the apparent difficulty of detecting and mitigating the attacks, all of these with little known solution. Application-layer DoS/DDoS attacks emulate the same request syntax and network level traffic characteristics as those of legitimate clients, thereby making the attacks much harder to be detected and countered. Moreover, such attacks usually target bottleneck resources such as disk bandwidth, database bandwidth, and CPU resources. This paper overviews DoS/DDoS concepts, the various types of denial of service attacks, application layer DoS/DDoS and mitigation techniques to curb the growing trend.

The next form of DoS attack is the ICMP flood which has an end goal of utilizing all of the allocated bandwidth for the target machine. (Tixteco, L., Aguirre, E., Hdez, M., & Ruben, G. 2012) Typically an ICMP is used for error detection when the destination for IP packets is unreachable. (Kaushik and Joshi, 2010) an ICMP flood attack takes advantage of this process by sending a large amount of ICMP packets to the target which requires a response from the target. Once these responses reach a certain threshold there is no longer any more bandwidth that can be utilize, leaving the target incapable of handling anymore request. (Tixteco, L., Aguirre, E., Hdez, M., & Ruben, G. 2012)

Many different kinds of threats have been seen with computers. More threats occur than one could possibly list because there are too many ways to interfere with the use of them. Some of these threats include, but are not limited to: viruses, worms, Trojan horses, key loggers, Rootkits, spyware, Denial of Service, SPAM, and email phishing. A computer virus is a malicious computer program that is self-replicating. This program installs itself on a user’s machine without the user’s authority. Many other types of malware, like Trojan horses and worms, are mistakenly called viruses when in fact, they are not. A Trojan horse is a computer