Vxooy Lab Report

During the halogenation reactions of 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol, there is a formation of water from the OH atom of the alcohol, and the H atom from the HCl solution. The OH bond of the alcohol is then substituted with the Cl atom. Therefore all of the degrees of alcohol undergo halogenation reactions, and form alkyl halides as products. This is because the functional group of alkyl halides is a carbon-halogen bond. A common halogen is chlorine, as used in this experiment.

The Hydroxyl group on alcohols relates to their reactivity. This concept was explored by answering the question “Does each alcohol undergo halogenation and controlled oxidation?” . Using three isomers of butanol; the primary 1-butanol, the secondary 2-butanol and the tertiary 2-methyl-2-propanol, also referred to as T-butanol, two experiments were performed to test the capabilities of the alcohols. When mixed with hydrochloric acid in a glass test tube, the primary alcohol and secondary alcohols were expected to halogenate, however the secondary and tertiary ended up doing so. This may have been because of the orientation of the Hydroxyl group when butanol is in a different

The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in

In this experiment, meso-stilbene dibromide was used to produce diphenylacetylene through two sequential dehydrohalogenations. The first part is a concerted E2 mechanism, where the reactant is deprotonated at the beta carbon from the halide ion that will be leaving. This creates a transition state where the leaving hydrogen and halide are anti-periplanar with each other, meaning that they are at a 180° angle in relation to one another. This reaction is caused by a base—in this case, potassium hydroxide—and produces a haloalkene, or vinyl halide. Potassium hydroxide was only added to reaction when needed, as

The goals in this lab were to have a reaction occur with 4-methylcyclohexanol and an acid catalyst to form our product of 4-methylcyclohexene via an E1 reaction. This reaction is accomplished by removing the –OH group on 4-methylcyclohexanol via dehydration and to have a double bond form via a loss of a hydrogen on a β-Carbon.

In this project, C. Elegans are hermaphrodite worms that will be used since they are easy to maintain in lab, as well as have short life cycles. The gene that the project attempted to knockdown in C. Elegans with RNAi treatment is the unc-22 gene. RNAi disrupts gene expression in the presence of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is complementary to target gene sequence. The unc-22 gene codes for a muscle protein called twitchin in wild-type worms. The Unc-22 is required for muscle regulation and maintenance in C.Elegans. To verify that the RNAi treatment worked, would check the unc-22 mRNA levels in the worms, in addition to phenotype observation.

There was an C-C double bond, as indicated by the peak at about 1609 cm-1. Sp3 C-H was also present as indicated from the peaks in the 3000cm-1 to 2850cm-1 region. The C-O bond of an ester is present, as indicated from the 1266cm-1 peak. From analyzing both the

The Diels-Alder Reaction is an addition reaction between a 1,3-diene and a dienophile. In this reaction, furan, the diene, reacted with maleic anhydride, the dienophile, to form exo-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-anhydride, the adduct. The adduct was recovered via vacuum filtration, and the melting point, 1H-NMR and 12C-NMR Spectroscopy was obtained. This Diels-Alder Reaction yielded an exo adduct as opposed to an endo product.

In this experiment, a Friedel-Crafts acylation was carried our by reacting acetic anhydride (the acylating agent) and dichloromethane (solvent) with anisole to substitute an acyl group onto the aromatic ring of anisole. Friedel-Crafts reaction can be classified as an electrophilic aromatic substitution. This involves an electrophile replacing a hydrogen atom located in the aromatic compounding forming a new carbon-carbon double blond. Acylation of a monosubstituted benzene has the opportunity to yield any or all three different disubstituted products. We used the boiling point and results from 1H NMR spectroscopy to determine if the product was a single product or a mixture of isomers. Say something about yields, NMR, and boiling point....

Within the field of Organic chemistry the Diels-Alder reaction is a method to create six membered rings by reacting a s-cis-diene with an alkene. The reaction occurs using the pi electrons present from the diene (4 pi electrons) and the alkene (2 pi electrons) to create a six membered ring in a concerted (one step) mechanism. This reaction is stereospecific, creating the endo product when the diene is part of a ring and the alkene has a cis configuration. When the diene is not part of a ring the product maintains the stereochemistry of the reactants. The particular reaction done in the lab reacted butadiene sulfone and maleic anhydride to create 4-cyclohexene-cis-1,2-dicarboxcylic acid. Since the reactant Butadiene sulfone is a gas at room temperature it was first reacted with heat to create 1,3-butadiene (a solid cis diene), which was then reacted with maleic anhydride to give the product. The resulting product was identified using IR as the reactants have no sp3-hybridized carbons and the product has four sp3 carbons. The product was also assessed for purity using melting point.

IR and 1H NMR analysis was also performed for the starting ketone, 4-tert¬-butylcyclohaxanone. The IR spectra, RM-07-Oi, contained peaks at 2947 cm-1, 2868 cm-1, 1720 cm-1, and 1365 cm-1. These peaks represent a carbon-hydrogen stretch, a sp3 hybridized carbon, a ketone and a ring carbon-carbon stretch, which are all present in 4-tert¬-butylcyclohaxanone. This confirms that the initial ketone used was 4-tert¬-butylcyclohaxanone. The 1H NMR also proves this. Peaks found at 2.34 ppm, 2.07 ppm, 1.45 ppm and 0.87 ppm show that only four chemical shifts occur in this compound. There are not four types of hydrogens in this molecule, but some chemical environments are similar resulting in only four

The further downfield an aromatic peak was observed, the closer it was to the carboxylic acid group. This is because of deshielding effects from the electron withdrawing oxygen atoms. The alkane carbon was visible at 40.85 ppm which fell into the expected range. The deuterated DMSO solvent peak was located at 30.0 ppm. The 13C NMR spectrum provided useful evidence because there are 10 distinct carbons in felbinac which was shown by the spectrum.

Olmsted, John III; Williams, Greg; Burk, Robert C. Chemistry, 1st Canadian ed.; John Wiley and Sons Ltd: Mississauga, Canada, 2010, pp 399 - 406

For the identification of the product, IR, 13C NMR and 1H NMR spectra were examined, and the product was found to be butyl propionate. In the IR spectrum, RM-11-Bi, five key peaks are observed. These peaks are sp3 hybridized carbons at 2961 cm-1 and 2877 cm-1, an ester at 1737 cm-1, a

The objective of this experiment is to successfully perform a dehydration of 1-butanol and 2-butanol, also dehydrobromination of 1-bromobutane and 2-bromobutane to form the alkene products 1-butene, trans-2-butene, and cis-2-butene. The dehydration reactions react under and acid-catalysis which follows an E1 mechanism. It was found that dehydration of 1-butanol yielded 3.84% cis-2-butene, 81.83% trans-2-butene, and 14.33% 1-butene, while 2-butanol is unknown due to mechanical issues with the GC machine. For the dehydrobromination, with the addition of a