WBV Training Report

All athletes regardless of age, gender, genetics or sport can benefit from effective training. It is important that the selected training improves the body’s ability to perform tasks associated with the chosen

(2014). A Consideration of the Paradigm of Exercise Physiology. Research In Sports Medicine, 22(3), 314-322.

The EMS increase also the strength ans muscular mass, and you can elevate the intensity of your training, means more and more fibres are recruited in the

The purpose of this investigation was to research the effects of an “8-week course of high volume upper extremity

It was hypothesized that intermittent exercise bouts are more effective than moderate continuous training, because participants will be able to exercise long and therefore, will have a greater work output. The main findings from this lab can be categorized into three sections, heart rate during exercise bout refer to figure 1. Total work over exercise type, refer to figure 2. Time to fatigue over exercise type, refer to figure 3.

To test the muscle strengths the subjects were required to use the one repetition maximum method for a variety of different exercises. The experiment consisted of the subjects rising from the chair without the use of their hands. During the trial reflective markers were

The extensive research provided determines whether simple tasks such as stretches, exercise, or changes in diet or nutrition can be a factor on the regeneration of muscle. More so in athletes than non-athletes, muscle tears are extremely common. Yet, when viewing muscle regeneration, it doesn’t only occur during injuries. Individuals who lift weights constantly tear their muscle, but in a good way. “Lifting heavy weights cause microscopic tears in the muscle. By doing this, it allows the muscle to regenerate and grow back stronger than it once was” (Annigan). Injuries, and weight lifting both involve the slightly similar processes of muscle generation, but include recovery at different rates, as well as an even more complex process within full tears of the muscle fiber. When observing both situations, it is troublesome to conclude whether care for the muscle improves muscle regeneration rates. Multiple ways to aid a muscle tears exist, but the area with more focus is the R.I.C.E. method. This will be explained even more as to how it could benefit those who are victims of this injury.

Competition in sports continues to further intensify each year with the rise of superstars in all levels, causing countless young athletes to start training year-round. Not only does everyone seek success, but they also have to deal with the chance of sudden heartbreak from an injury. In particular, it has been reported that 1.35 million children had sports-related injuries that led them to the emergency room last year (5). Luckily, rehabilitation methods range from merely resting to psychotherapy for the mind. One of the most cutting-edge and efficient types of therapy to strengthen, toughen, and support the body is through Russian electrical stimulation. This style of Electrotherapy displays hopeful products in two fields of the sports battle: physical therapy and enhancing sports performance (2). In turn, electrical muscle stimulation is most effective when used in the physical therapy field as a prevention and recovery tool for muscles.

Traditionally, the American College of Sports Medicine recommends resistance training using intensities 70% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) because it seems to elicit the greatest increases in skeletal muscle size and strength (ACSM, 2002). More recently, low-intensity resistance training in combination with blood flow restriction (LI-BFR) has been shown to increase muscle size and strength using only 20–30% of an individual’s 1RM (Karabulut, 2010). This type of training method also referred to as the KAATSU training methodology was

Plyometric practice alludes to those exercises that empower a muscle to achieve maximal drive in the most limited conceivable time. A plyometric action is isolated into three stages: 1) the eccentric preload stage, 2) the amortization stage, and 3) the concentric contraction. The eccentric preload is the stage in which elastic energy is stored in the series elastic components (SEC) of the muscle. The amortization stage is depicted as the time between the eccentric preload stage and the concentric contraction. The shorter the amortization stage, the more prominent the work yield in the concentric stage because of ideal use of the stored elastic energy. The third and last stage is the actual muscle contraction. This arrangement of three stages is known as the stretch shortening cycle [13]. (Chimera et al.,

Each subject was performed several Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) tests in order to determine the maximum muscle activity of the investigated muscles. During each MVC test, the subject was asked to against a specific muscle resistance maximally. In addition to maximally exertion, they were asked to do this test slowly to avoid the jerk which can induce

41 patients with multiple sclerosis and 13 control subjects perform repetitive contractions of the thenar muscle for 30 seconds at half of their MVC followed by a thirty second rest until considered fatigued, which was when the subject could not maintain half MVC for the 30 seconds. After each bout of contractions, MEPs were recorded and after fatigue set in, multiple MEPs were recorded during the first 30 seconds. There was an increase in MEP immediately after exercise, but it decreased when fatigue set in for both the patients and subjects. post-exercise changes in MEP in five elite rowers and six non-rowers following a light exercise protocol and an intense exercise protocol. Muscles tested included the left and right erector spinae and first dorsal interosseous. The results showed an increase in MEP at two minutes when compared to baseline and a decrease at four to sixteen minutes for elite rowers in both exercise intensities. This effect of fatigue on MEP size has been shown to last four about 2 minutes It appears that the motor cortex is hypersensitive to stimulation during exercise and then goes into a hyposensitive state while recovering from exercise. What has not been studied is the MEP of an active muscle after fatigue and how an activated fatigued muscle affects the

(2011). A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European Journal of Physiology, 2633-2651.

Neuromuscular fatigue can be defined as a decline in performance that is usually determined by power generation capacity. During a static maximal contraction, force will decrease steadily and fatigue would be observed from the beginning of the exercise. Contrarily, in submaximal contractions, the target force is maintained for a long time. In this situation, the fatigue is defined as the inability in maintaining the force, even if the capacity of maximal force generation is impaired earlier during contraction. Neuromuscular fatigue is usually defined as a reduction of the capacity of maximal force generation [1]. Velstad (1997), defined neuromuscular fatigue as any exercise-induced reduction in the maximal capacity of force generation or output force. This definition allows us to define fatigue in different sports and various intensities. Moreover, there must be a distinction between the muscle weakness as a chronic disorder in force generation or output force and the acute effect of neuromuscular fatigue. So, it seems that neuromuscular fatigue develops differently depending on the muscle activity [5]. Fatigue was traditionally related to the metabolic occurrence of ending point during the exercise in which glycogen concentration of the muscle was depleted completely [6]. Furthermore, cardiovascular [7, 8] and metabolic load, and temperature adjustment are likely peripheral candidates for the fatigue outbreak during long exercises [9].

For a group of researchers from the Stellenbosch University Department of Physiological Sciences in South Africa, it was the main discussion for their research. Doctor Filippo Macaluso, Ashwin W. Isaacs, MSC, and Doctor Kathryn H. Myburgh in their research article entitled “Preferential Type II Muscle Fiber Damage from Plyometric Exercise”, they experimented the effects that plyometric exercises had on muscle fiber types and analyze the